(一) 目前西方国家的政府一般认为,经济的稳定与物价的稳定具有相辅相成的关系。在一定意义上,保持物价的基本稳定,意味着保证了经济的稳定增长。通常,国家在宏观上力求使市场物价总水平的涨幅控制在一个较低的水平之内。同时为保护生产者和消费者的利益,政府一般对关系到人民生活的商品和服务行业的价格实行严格的控制或间接管理。它们的价格管理具有如下特点: 第一、管理行为的规范性。通 (a) At present, governments in Western countries generally believe that economic stability and price stability are mutually reinforcing. In a certain sense, maintaining basic price stability means ensuring stable economic growth. In general, the country seeks to control the overall price level of the market to a relatively low level. At the same time, in order to protect the interests of producers and consumers, the government generally imposes strict or indirect management on the prices of goods and services that affect people’s lives. Their price management has the following characteristics: First, the normative nature of management behavior. through