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人体的体温正常范围为36.4～37.5℃,腋窝和口腔温度略低于直肠温度。如机体核心温度(core temperature)低于35℃,我们称之为体温过低(hypothermia)。意外性体温过低多指意外情况(如冷水浸泡、高寒地区作业等)出现的体温过低,是原发性体温过低的一种。鉴于人体对寒冷的适应能力不如适应高温的能力强,寒冷损伤和适应历来受到医学界高度重视。寒冷低温不仅可引起冻伤,还可对人的心血管系统、免疫系统、中枢神经系统以及骨关节产生损害,甚至威胁人们的生命。随着社会的发展,潜水、航海作业及登山等活动也相应增加.原发性体温过低的发生率呈现逐年上升的趋势,同时它也是战时(特别是海战和高寒地区作战)引起非战斗减员的重要原因之一。探讨减少寒冷应激对机体影响的措施具有十分重要的意义。本文就其分类、对机体的影响、机制、临床表现及救治做一综述。
The body’s normal temperature range of 36.4 ~ 37.5 ℃, axillary and oral temperature slightly lower than the rectal temperature. If the body’s core temperature is below 35 ° C, we call it hypothermia. Accidental hypothermia refers to the accidental situation (such as cold water immersion, alpine areas, etc.) appear hypothermia, primary hypothermia is a. In view of the body’s ability to adapt to the cold than the ability to adapt to high temperatures, cold injury and adaptation has always been highly valued by the medical profession. Cold and cold can not only cause frostbite, but also the human cardiovascular system, the immune system, the central nervous system and bone and joint damage, and even threaten people’s lives. With the development of society, activities such as diving, sailing and mountaineering have also correspondingly increased.The incidence of primary hypothermia has been increasing year by year, and it is also a cause of non-combat in wartime (especially naval and alpine areas) One of the important reasons for downsizing. It is of great significance to explore measures to reduce the impact of cold stress on the body. This article reviews its classification, its impact on the body, its mechanism, clinical manifestation and treatment.