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北方森林是加拿大最大的林区,面积大约有31500万hm~2。试区多年年均过火面积为130万hm~2,极端火灾年份很常见,仅在火灾发生季节,其面积会达到700万hm~2。在面积大于200hm~2的火中,只有2%～3%次林火其年过火占总面积的98%。仔细考查火的统计数字会发现,北方森林中发生的次数在增加。北方森林树种和生态系统已适应了周期性火烧,在缺乏火的情况下,有些作为景观自然组成的部分会消失。火作为一项管理工具的自然作用已被认识,已被正确地用于维持和恢复选定地区的生态系统。在北方森林生物群落可持续的基础上,我们研究了人为引起的可能的气候变化和对火状况和火管理的可能影响。
The northern forest is Canada’s largest forest area, with an area of about 315 million hm ~ 2. The test area has an annual average over-fire area of 1.3 million hm ~ 2. The years of extreme fire are very common. The area will reach 7 million hm ~ 2 only during the fire season. In the area of more than 200hm ~ 2 of the fire, only 2% to 3% of the forest over fire its total area of 98%. A closer examination of fire statistics reveals that the number of occurrences in northern forests is increasing. Northern forest species and ecosystems have been adapted to periodic fires and in the absence of fire some of the natural components of landscapes disappear. The natural role of fire as a management tool has been recognized and properly used to sustain and restore ecosystems in selected areas. Based on the sustainability of forest biomes in the North, we examined the possible anthropogenic effects of climate change and its impact on fire status and fire management.