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回顾历史,人类对于自由的追求仿佛一幅简约、明晰的画卷跃然于我们思维的最深处。自由是人的内在本性和精神追求,人类的历史就是人的自由实现的历史,历史上每一个思想家都无法回避自由这一问题。每个时代它都是人们关注、研究、争论的对象,而每个时代对自由又都有不同的看法。马克思把人类解放作为人生价值取向,并为此而奋斗终生,因而对人的自由问题极为关注。他们把自由、自觉的劳动作为人类的特征,把反对资本主义社会的剥削和压迫、争取无产阶级和广大劳动人民的自由解放作为无产阶级革命的一个重要目标,把建立一个自由人的联合体作为未来社会的理想,把个人自由而全面发展作为共产主义社会的一个基本原则,并在许多重要著作中都论述过这个问题。本文在继承前人研究成果的基础之上,分析了马克思自由观的几个方面,又把马克思与哈耶克这两位不同世纪的思想家从不同的立场对此进行了深刻的探索,从而对现实社会给予一点启发。
Looking back on history, the pursuit of freedom for mankind seems like a simple and clear picture vividly in the deepest part of our thinking. Freedom is the inherent nature and spiritual pursuit of human beings. Human history is the history of the free realization of human beings. Historically, every thinker can not avoid the issue of freedom. It is the object of attention, research and debate in every age, and each time has different views on freedom. Marx regarded mankind’s liberation as the value orientation of life and worked hard for it for life. Therefore, he paid great attention to the issue of human freedom. Taking the free and conscious labor as the characteristic of human beings, they regard the opposition to the exploitation and oppression of capitalist society as the major goal of the proletarian revolution and the liberation of the proletariat and the broad masses of working people. They regard the establishment of a coalition of free people as The ideal of future society regards the individual’s free and all-round development as a basic principle of communist society and has dealt with this issue in many important books. On the basis of inheriting the research results of predecessors, this paper analyzes several aspects of Marx’s concept of freedom, and from the different positions of Marx and Hayek, they think deeply from different standpoints. Real society give a little inspiration.