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为了向国内读者介绍外国历史学家对孙中山的研究情况,提供参考性的材料和分析性的文章,译者最近选译了国外几篇有关孙中山研究的有代表性的文章,希望能够为进行学术交流,搜集资料和探讨问题方面出一点微薄的力。这次刊出的两篇译文(分两期刊出),都是日本著名的研究孙中山的学者藤井昇三教授写的,而且都是以二次革命失败后孙中流亡日本期间所发生的“中日盟约”和“给小池张造信”这两个问题为中心的。我们并不是全部同意了作者的所有观点和论点的,但由于作者掌握了许多第一手的资料,因此值得我们重视。关于“中日盟约”,译者认为,孙中山在一九一五年的时候,对于日本帝国主义的侵略本质,是仍然未有明确的认识的,以为通过中日亲善提携,日本既可以“一跃而为亚洲之首雄”,而中国也可以摆脱半殖民地的地位,走上独立富强的道路上去。直到一九一八年以后,孙中山逐步正确认识到帝国主义的侵略是造成中国贫穷落后的最根本的原因,于是对帝国主义的态度也就产生了新的变化。在一九一九年五月的《护法宣言》中,孙中山就表示了要解除“一切有损主权危及国脉之条约”。一九一九年春夏间出版的《孙文学说(卷一行易知难)》一书,在对附录的《陈英士致黄克强书》所加的按语中,孙中山更加明确指出:“民党向主联日者,以彼能发奋为雄,变弱小而为强大,我当亲之师之,以图中国之富强也。不图彼国政府目光如豆,深忌中国之强,尤畏民党得志,而碍其蚕食之谋。故屡助官僚以抑民党,必期中国永久愚弱,以遂彼野心。……倘长此不改,则亚东永无宁日,而日本亦终无以幸免矣。”所以,对于“中日盟约”的问题,应从历史发展的观点来认识和对待。本期先刊登的《第二次革命失败后孙中山亡命日本和二十一条问题》一文的日本文原文,是中山大学历史系孙中山研究室副教授段云章同志提供的,在此谨表示衷心的感谢。
In order to introduce domestic foreign historians to Sun Yat-sen’s research and provide reference materials and analytical articles, the translator recently translated several representative articles about Sun Yat-sen’s research in the hope of carrying out academic Exchanging ideas, collecting information and discussing issues. The two translations (published in two installments) were written by Professor Fujii Asahi, a well-known Japanese scholar of Sun Yat-sen, and all were written during the exile of Sun during the Second Revolution, The Covenant and the letter of confidence in Koichi. We do not agree with all the author’s views and arguments, but due to the author has a lot of first-hand information, it deserves our attention. With regard to the “Sino-Japanese Treaty of Covenants,” the translator believes that Sun Yat-sen in 1915 did not have a clear understanding of the aggressive nature of Japanese imperialism and thought that Japan could “ Jumped over to become the chief male of Asia, ”while China can also emerge from its semi-colonial status and embark on the path of independence and prosperity. It was not until 1918 that Sun Yat-sen gradually and correctly realized that the imperialist aggression was the most fundamental cause of China’s poverty and backwardness. As a result, new changes have taken place in the attitude toward imperialism. In the “Declaration of Legal Protection” in May 1919, Sun Yat-sen expressed the wish to lift “all treaties that undermine the sovereignty of Guomai.” Sun Yat-sen (Volume One Hard to Know), published in Spring and Summer of 1919, made the following remark to the attached “Chen Yingshi to Huang Ke Qiang’s Book”: “The Democratic Party To the main Alliance Day, with his energies as a male, weakened small and powerful, I am a pro-division, in order to map to China’s wealth and strength. Therefore, the Democratic Progressive Party is detrimental to its omnipotence and therefore repeatedly helps the bureaucrats with the Liberal Democratic Party and will surely persevere China in the future. Finally, there is no escape. ”Therefore, the issue of“ the Sino-Japanese covenant ”should be recognized and treated from the perspective of historical development. The original text of the original Japanese version of the article titled Sun Yat-sen’s Death in Japan and the Twenty-one Problems after the Failure of the Second Revolution in this issue was given by Mr. Duan Yunzhang, an associate professor of the Sun Yat-sen Research Office of Sun Yat-sen University. Here, we would like to express our heart-felt gratitude.