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完形填空在各种英语测试中必不可少,占有相当的比重。它不仅考察同学们的词汇、语法知识,更考察同学们对英语国家的背景、地理常识、风土人情、饮食文化等的了解情况。其目的是使同学们真正具备实际运用英语的能力。
一、重视全文,理解文章大意
考试时,同学们先不要急于答题,放过空白处,将短文通读一遍,抓住主题内容,尽可能多地捕捉文中提供的信息,了解文章背景。一般来说,文章的首句不留空白,它对理解文章有很大的帮助,一定要重视它。例如:
Do you like comics(漫画)? Now artists in Japan write more and more welcome comics. __1__ of the world’s popular comics2Japan.
从第一句中可知“日本的漫画在世界享有盛名,占有一定的比例”。从第二段可判断出“日本漫画在世界上分布较广”,从而可知本文主要内容是关于日本作家的漫画作品。
We live in the “computer age”, people like scientists, teachers, writers and even students use computers to do1work. But more than 30 years ago,2couldn’t do much. They were very big and expensive. Very __3__ people were interested in them and they didn’t know how to use them. The computer only could operate single question.
第一句中提到“各行业的人用电脑做各种工作”,说明本文主要讲解电脑的用途。而第二句的ago提示要谈一谈它的以前,答题时就可以根据这个选择具体的时态。
“I don’t like my parents. They always tell me I should1this, and shouldn’t do that. These things often make me unhappy.” Said Zhang Li, a middle school student.
从句子的后半部分可知张力与父母之间的不理解,很显然这是一篇关于父母与孩子之间沟通的文章。
有时文章的结尾也会给出一定的提示,但是没有句首那么明显。
二、综合考虑,逐项填空
这是一个考察同学们英语掌握情况的部分,包括语法和词汇。答题时,可以先易后难,不必按部就班地从第一个空填起,可以从自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语等开始解答,这样能使自己保持良好的心态,如果没有弄懂就坚持从第一空填起,容易把思路引入歧途,导致一连串的错误。
1. 语法知识主要是动词的时态,根据动词用法,句子的时态区分(包括进行时、一般现在时、过去时、将来时、完成时、被动语态等),以及主句与从句的一致性去分析。例如:
Computers can help people7much work. Writers use computers to write. Teachers use them to8and children use them to study.
() 7. A. doing B. deal C. doD. on
help后面可以接动词不定式或者动词原形,这样空7只能选择B、C, 而deal与with 连用表示“处理”,所以选择C。
Don’t9when you are poor, you can also say you are happy, because you have something else.
() 9. A. upsetB. angry C. be upsetD. happy
祈使句后跟动词原形,3个词都是形容词,don’t 只能与be连接才正确,所以选择C。
The king was afraid. He thought that if he killed Effendi, he himself9later.
() 9. A. diedB. maybe dieC. would die D. will die
从句是过去时,主句应该是过去时的某种时态,这句话的意思是“他将会死。”所以选择C。
多数同学担心语法,从上面的例子不难看出语法知识可以结合前后句子去考虑,并不太难。
2. 词汇包含的内容较多,主要有习惯用语,习惯搭配,词性,词义区分,同义词辨析等。这些内容是有规律可循的,结合例句和平时的日积月累就可以掌握。
(1)习惯用语和固定搭配。例如:
Peter was a clever boy, at the age1sixteen, he passed the exam and went to a college.
()1.A. inB. ofC. when D. on
显而易见应该选择B, at the age of意思是“在……岁时”。
Do you like comics(漫画)? Now artists in Japan writemore and more welcome comics. __1__ of the world’s popular comics2Japan.
()1. A. SomeB. MostC. MuchD. Any
()2. A. come fromB. is fromC. start in D. are in
Most of是“多数”的意思;come / be from表示“来自于……”,所以答案是B和 A。
8your parents if you stay outside later than9. Don’t always argue10them. Talk about your ideas with them. You’ll understand them when you become a parent in the future.
() 8. A. TellB. RememberC. CallD. talk
() 9. A. usually B. for usual C. usual D. as usual
()10. A. withB. toC. about D. on
Later than usual 意思是“平时”;argue with 是“与某人争吵”,这样把空9和10填好后,再看空8,就知道选择“打电话”的意思C。
(2)词性主要是指形容词和副词,可数名词和不可数名词的用法。be动词和感官动词(look, sound, feel, seem, become)后面应该接形容词。动词后面用副词修饰,副词也修饰形容词。例如:
Computers are very9and helpful. Computers are10good friends of people.
() 9. A. usefulB. heavyC. careful D. smaller
() 10. A. reallyB. become C. realD. like
从词性看,空9选择哪个答案都可以,根据句意,只能选择A,符合现实。空10,根据句意,A、C都通顺,从词性关系就可以知道选择A。
可数与不可数名词的用法不是很难,在日常生活中会接触到许多的物品,经常自问一下,这个词可数吗?例如water, juice, milk, soup, porridge等液体,抽象名词air, pollution, room(空间), time 还有一些食物bread, beef, chicken, pork, cheese等等都是不可数的,这样的词较少,集中到你的记忆中,其他的词就是可数的,这样在解题时就容易了。例如:
Every day,we need to do many things, time __1__ quickly and it never2to have a rest.
()1.A. goesB. runC. workD. is
()2.A.rememberB. stopsC. like D. comes
因为“时间”是物质名词,不可数,所以空1可以选择A、D,由于quickly是副词,不能与is连用,所以选择A。空2可以选择B和D,根据句意可知“时间永不停息”,所以选择B。
He tried fishing some fish, but there were __5__ than before, because the water got more and more dirty.
() 5. A. fewB. a littleC. fewerD. a few
因为鱼是可数名词,可在A、C、D中选择,根据than可知选择C。
(3)词义主要指4个答案意思不同,选择哪一个都通顺,且符合语法规则,这时需要你理解短文,这样才能选出与短文内容相符的选项。例如:
We live in the“computer age”,people like scientists,teachers,writers and even students use computers to do __1__ work.But more than 30 years ago, __2__ couldn’t do much.
()1.A. lot of B. muchC. manyD. all kinds of
()2.A.computersB.robots C. rockets D. machines
从单词work 可知,A、B、D选项都可以,根据前面的内容可知,computers用途很广泛,这样确定空1选择D;从前面的知识可知在谈论computer,所以空2选择A。
Mr.black was walking in a factory , he liked1very much and did well2it. He sat down a small river behind the factory. __3__ he was free. He tried4some fish.
()1. A. fishingB. drivingC. drawingD. singing
从后面的阅读中,我们很容易就能确定答案是A。
One day, a rich man asked a poor farmer, “I love money, I have lots of money, but I’m not happy. You have to work every day and you look1the farmer smiled and said,” I like working, when I work hard, I can earn money. So I feel I’m the happiest.
()1.A.ortB. smart C. happyD. thin
从农夫的回答中我们能够确定答案是“高兴”的意思,所以选择C。
He tried4some fish,but there were5than before, because the water got more and more dirty.
()4. A. to watchB. to catch C. to lookD. to find
这句话的意思是“他尽力找到鱼,可是鱼越来越少,水越来越脏”。A 表示“观察”; B表示“捉住”; C表示“看”,不强调结果;D表示“找到”,强调结果。所以选择D。
“At first, I was8to leave my parents. But soon I found there were a lot of fun to live in groups. Now ,we’re happy, I don’t miss home9.”
()8. A. happy B. frightenC. surprisedD. scared
这句话的意思是“开始我离开家时很害怕,不久发现集体生活很有趣”。B、C、D都符合语法规则,意思相近,但是这种心情比frighten感情色彩淡,又不是“惊奇”的意思,故选择D。
对于近义词,大家要注意平时的积累,结合生活中的一些例句经常读一读,就会有所得。记住No pains, no gains.最好每做一篇短文都将其中的短语、习语抄下来。
三、情景推理
情景推理跳出句子层次,注意句子之间的结构、意义的连接,情节与情节的上下照应。这种填空相对较难,必须考虑短文的内容,学生可以继续往下读,查找相关的暗示信息。但是这种填空在一篇短文中不是很多。例如:
Effendi looked7the king carefully. After a while, he said, “But how can I know ? I’ll die two days8than you.”
The king was afraid. He thought that if he killed Effendi, he9would die later. “ I must keep Effendi10as long as possible.” So he let the clever man go.
()8. A. earlyB. earlierC. later D. late
空8究竟填先死还是后死,无法判断。如果读懂后面的内容,就会知道:king担心杀Effendi的时候,自己会死,于是放了Effendi。这样就能知道空8应该选择“Effendi早死”,由于than的存在,应该选择比较级,所以选择B。
四、猜词,猜句能力
英语阅读中不可避免有陌生的新单词,对于难度较大的词汇、句型,可以根据语义、语法内容去猜测。猜测生词的办法,主要是利用构词法中的前缀、后缀、合成。平时在学习单词时,要有意识地注意这些。例如我们学过的:pollute 与pollution; predict与prediction;danger与dangerous; usual与unusual; happy与unhappy; push 与pushy; graduate 与graduation; disappoint与 disappointing和manage与management。
英语考试中出现生词很正常,就像语文考试中出现几个新的成语一样,不要见到生词就害怕。另外,应在平时多了解一些欧美国家的文化背景知识,丰富自己的阅历。例如:
The first Olympic games happened in 1896. They were held in __1__ and the games were born in this country.
()A. AmericaB. ChinaC. RomanD. Greece
该空考察的是关于奥林匹克运动会的常识,很显然选择D。
五、复读全文,核对答案
答完题后,要从头再检查一遍,主要是看填入的答案是否符合文章的主题内容,改正错误的选项,仍有不确定的也不可放弃,要凭着猜测去填。
编辑/丁俊玲
一、重视全文,理解文章大意
考试时,同学们先不要急于答题,放过空白处,将短文通读一遍,抓住主题内容,尽可能多地捕捉文中提供的信息,了解文章背景。一般来说,文章的首句不留空白,它对理解文章有很大的帮助,一定要重视它。例如:
Do you like comics(漫画)? Now artists in Japan write more and more welcome comics. __1__ of the world’s popular comics2Japan.
从第一句中可知“日本的漫画在世界享有盛名,占有一定的比例”。从第二段可判断出“日本漫画在世界上分布较广”,从而可知本文主要内容是关于日本作家的漫画作品。
We live in the “computer age”, people like scientists, teachers, writers and even students use computers to do1work. But more than 30 years ago,2couldn’t do much. They were very big and expensive. Very __3__ people were interested in them and they didn’t know how to use them. The computer only could operate single question.
第一句中提到“各行业的人用电脑做各种工作”,说明本文主要讲解电脑的用途。而第二句的ago提示要谈一谈它的以前,答题时就可以根据这个选择具体的时态。
“I don’t like my parents. They always tell me I should1this, and shouldn’t do that. These things often make me unhappy.” Said Zhang Li, a middle school student.
从句子的后半部分可知张力与父母之间的不理解,很显然这是一篇关于父母与孩子之间沟通的文章。
有时文章的结尾也会给出一定的提示,但是没有句首那么明显。
二、综合考虑,逐项填空
这是一个考察同学们英语掌握情况的部分,包括语法和词汇。答题时,可以先易后难,不必按部就班地从第一个空填起,可以从自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语等开始解答,这样能使自己保持良好的心态,如果没有弄懂就坚持从第一空填起,容易把思路引入歧途,导致一连串的错误。
1. 语法知识主要是动词的时态,根据动词用法,句子的时态区分(包括进行时、一般现在时、过去时、将来时、完成时、被动语态等),以及主句与从句的一致性去分析。例如:
Computers can help people7much work. Writers use computers to write. Teachers use them to8and children use them to study.
() 7. A. doing B. deal C. doD. on
help后面可以接动词不定式或者动词原形,这样空7只能选择B、C, 而deal与with 连用表示“处理”,所以选择C。
Don’t9when you are poor, you can also say you are happy, because you have something else.
() 9. A. upsetB. angry C. be upsetD. happy
祈使句后跟动词原形,3个词都是形容词,don’t 只能与be连接才正确,所以选择C。
The king was afraid. He thought that if he killed Effendi, he himself9later.
() 9. A. diedB. maybe dieC. would die D. will die
从句是过去时,主句应该是过去时的某种时态,这句话的意思是“他将会死。”所以选择C。
多数同学担心语法,从上面的例子不难看出语法知识可以结合前后句子去考虑,并不太难。
2. 词汇包含的内容较多,主要有习惯用语,习惯搭配,词性,词义区分,同义词辨析等。这些内容是有规律可循的,结合例句和平时的日积月累就可以掌握。
(1)习惯用语和固定搭配。例如:
Peter was a clever boy, at the age1sixteen, he passed the exam and went to a college.
()1.A. inB. ofC. when D. on
显而易见应该选择B, at the age of意思是“在……岁时”。
Do you like comics(漫画)? Now artists in Japan writemore and more welcome comics. __1__ of the world’s popular comics2Japan.
()1. A. SomeB. MostC. MuchD. Any
()2. A. come fromB. is fromC. start in D. are in
Most of是“多数”的意思;come / be from表示“来自于……”,所以答案是B和 A。
8your parents if you stay outside later than9. Don’t always argue10them. Talk about your ideas with them. You’ll understand them when you become a parent in the future.
() 8. A. TellB. RememberC. CallD. talk
() 9. A. usually B. for usual C. usual D. as usual
()10. A. withB. toC. about D. on
Later than usual 意思是“平时”;argue with 是“与某人争吵”,这样把空9和10填好后,再看空8,就知道选择“打电话”的意思C。
(2)词性主要是指形容词和副词,可数名词和不可数名词的用法。be动词和感官动词(look, sound, feel, seem, become)后面应该接形容词。动词后面用副词修饰,副词也修饰形容词。例如:
Computers are very9and helpful. Computers are10good friends of people.
() 9. A. usefulB. heavyC. careful D. smaller
() 10. A. reallyB. become C. realD. like
从词性看,空9选择哪个答案都可以,根据句意,只能选择A,符合现实。空10,根据句意,A、C都通顺,从词性关系就可以知道选择A。
可数与不可数名词的用法不是很难,在日常生活中会接触到许多的物品,经常自问一下,这个词可数吗?例如water, juice, milk, soup, porridge等液体,抽象名词air, pollution, room(空间), time 还有一些食物bread, beef, chicken, pork, cheese等等都是不可数的,这样的词较少,集中到你的记忆中,其他的词就是可数的,这样在解题时就容易了。例如:
Every day,we need to do many things, time __1__ quickly and it never2to have a rest.
()1.A. goesB. runC. workD. is
()2.A.rememberB. stopsC. like D. comes
因为“时间”是物质名词,不可数,所以空1可以选择A、D,由于quickly是副词,不能与is连用,所以选择A。空2可以选择B和D,根据句意可知“时间永不停息”,所以选择B。
He tried fishing some fish, but there were __5__ than before, because the water got more and more dirty.
() 5. A. fewB. a littleC. fewerD. a few
因为鱼是可数名词,可在A、C、D中选择,根据than可知选择C。
(3)词义主要指4个答案意思不同,选择哪一个都通顺,且符合语法规则,这时需要你理解短文,这样才能选出与短文内容相符的选项。例如:
We live in the“computer age”,people like scientists,teachers,writers and even students use computers to do __1__ work.But more than 30 years ago, __2__ couldn’t do much.
()1.A. lot of B. muchC. manyD. all kinds of
()2.A.computersB.robots C. rockets D. machines
从单词work 可知,A、B、D选项都可以,根据前面的内容可知,computers用途很广泛,这样确定空1选择D;从前面的知识可知在谈论computer,所以空2选择A。
Mr.black was walking in a factory , he liked1very much and did well2it. He sat down a small river behind the factory. __3__ he was free. He tried4some fish.
()1. A. fishingB. drivingC. drawingD. singing
从后面的阅读中,我们很容易就能确定答案是A。
One day, a rich man asked a poor farmer, “I love money, I have lots of money, but I’m not happy. You have to work every day and you look1the farmer smiled and said,” I like working, when I work hard, I can earn money. So I feel I’m the happiest.
()1.A.ortB. smart C. happyD. thin
从农夫的回答中我们能够确定答案是“高兴”的意思,所以选择C。
He tried4some fish,but there were5than before, because the water got more and more dirty.
()4. A. to watchB. to catch C. to lookD. to find
这句话的意思是“他尽力找到鱼,可是鱼越来越少,水越来越脏”。A 表示“观察”; B表示“捉住”; C表示“看”,不强调结果;D表示“找到”,强调结果。所以选择D。
“At first, I was8to leave my parents. But soon I found there were a lot of fun to live in groups. Now ,we’re happy, I don’t miss home9.”
()8. A. happy B. frightenC. surprisedD. scared
这句话的意思是“开始我离开家时很害怕,不久发现集体生活很有趣”。B、C、D都符合语法规则,意思相近,但是这种心情比frighten感情色彩淡,又不是“惊奇”的意思,故选择D。
对于近义词,大家要注意平时的积累,结合生活中的一些例句经常读一读,就会有所得。记住No pains, no gains.最好每做一篇短文都将其中的短语、习语抄下来。
三、情景推理
情景推理跳出句子层次,注意句子之间的结构、意义的连接,情节与情节的上下照应。这种填空相对较难,必须考虑短文的内容,学生可以继续往下读,查找相关的暗示信息。但是这种填空在一篇短文中不是很多。例如:
Effendi looked7the king carefully. After a while, he said, “But how can I know ? I’ll die two days8than you.”
The king was afraid. He thought that if he killed Effendi, he9would die later. “ I must keep Effendi10as long as possible.” So he let the clever man go.
()8. A. earlyB. earlierC. later D. late
空8究竟填先死还是后死,无法判断。如果读懂后面的内容,就会知道:king担心杀Effendi的时候,自己会死,于是放了Effendi。这样就能知道空8应该选择“Effendi早死”,由于than的存在,应该选择比较级,所以选择B。
四、猜词,猜句能力
英语阅读中不可避免有陌生的新单词,对于难度较大的词汇、句型,可以根据语义、语法内容去猜测。猜测生词的办法,主要是利用构词法中的前缀、后缀、合成。平时在学习单词时,要有意识地注意这些。例如我们学过的:pollute 与pollution; predict与prediction;danger与dangerous; usual与unusual; happy与unhappy; push 与pushy; graduate 与graduation; disappoint与 disappointing和manage与management。
英语考试中出现生词很正常,就像语文考试中出现几个新的成语一样,不要见到生词就害怕。另外,应在平时多了解一些欧美国家的文化背景知识,丰富自己的阅历。例如:
The first Olympic games happened in 1896. They were held in __1__ and the games were born in this country.
()A. AmericaB. ChinaC. RomanD. Greece
该空考察的是关于奥林匹克运动会的常识,很显然选择D。
五、复读全文,核对答案
答完题后,要从头再检查一遍,主要是看填入的答案是否符合文章的主题内容,改正错误的选项,仍有不确定的也不可放弃,要凭着猜测去填。
编辑/丁俊玲