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作为中国共产党领导妇女解放运动相对成熟的模式,20世纪40年代以延安为中心的抗日根据地的妇女解放实践所形成的经验值得重视。本文以抗战背景下延安地区面临的大量婚姻家庭问题为主要讨论对象,以文学文本与历史实践互动解读的方式,分析了来自于不同的性别群体、乡村社会以及政党政治的不同诉求所构成的权力动态博弈如何共同参与了婚姻家庭纠纷的解决并由此建构了不同的妇女解放方案。而以“既联合又斗争”的“家庭统一战线”为旨归的妇女解放方案的最终形成,突破了以“个体”为本位介入妇女问题的所可能出现的孤立化、片面化的局限,通过利用“妇女参加生产”这一中介,形成家庭内外两种力量的互动,在性别协商中兼顾了各方利益,探索了更为平等的家庭结构的重构。因此,延安时期对于婚姻家庭问题的有效处理,在理论和实践两个层面验证了“革命中国”在阶级革命框架中推进妇女解放特别是底层妇女解放的可行性。
As a relatively mature model for the Chinese Communist Party in leading the women’s liberation movement, the experience gained from the practice of women’s liberation in the anti-Japanese base centered in Yan’an in the 1940s deserves attention. Based on the large number of marriage and family problems in Yan’an in the context of the Anti-Japanese War, this paper analyzes the power posed by the different demands of different gender groups, rural communities and party politics in an interactive way of reading between literary texts and historical practices How the dynamic game participates in the solution of marriage and family disputes and constructs different women’s liberation programs. The final formation of the women’s liberation program aimed at the “family united front ” in which “both are united and struggles ” broke through the possible isolation caused by the involvement of women in the “individual The limitations of one-sidedness led to the formation of an interaction between the two forces inside and outside the home by using the intermediary of ”Women in Production “, taking into account the interests of all parties in the gender consultation and exploring the reconstruction of a more equal family structure. Therefore, the effective handling of marriage and family problems during the Yanan Period validates the feasibility of ”“ ”Revolutionary China" in promoting the emancipation of women, especially the bottom women in the framework of the class revolution in both theoretical and practical aspects.