教育心理学研究表明:学生的智力活动包括智力因素和非智力因素两个方面,智力因素是直接参与认知过程的观察、注意、记忆、思维、想象等心理因素;非智力因素是不直接参与认知过程的动机、兴趣、情感、意志等心理因素。智力因素与非智力因素是相辅相成、协调发展的统一体。 The research of educational psychology shows that students’ intellectual activities include both intellectual and non-intellectual factors. Intelligence factors are the psychological factors that directly participate in cognitive processes such as observation, attention, memory, thinking, and imagination; non-intelligence factors are not directly involved. Motivation, interest, emotion, will and other psychological factors in the cognitive process. Intellectual factors and non-intellectual factors are mutually reinforcing and coordinated development.