目的:了解医学院新生入校时心理健康状况及其对学习成绩的影响。方法:采用大学生心理健康量表、艾森克人格量表(EPQ)及自编一般情况问卷等对湘雅医学院2005级755名大学新生进行心理健康状况普查,与第一学年学习成绩的关系进行了分析。结果:成绩落后学生入学时心理症状的发生率高于成绩优秀学生,特别是在抑郁、依赖、冲动、社交退缩等方面两者差异显著。影响学习成绩的主要心理因素有抑郁、依赖、冲动。结论:医学新生入校时心理健康对学习成绩的影响很大。 OBJECTIVE: To understand the mental health of new medical students entering school and its impact on academic performance. Methods: The mental health status survey of 755 freshmen at Xiangya Medical College in 2005 was conducted by using the mental health of college students scale, EPQ and self-compiled questionnaire, and their relationship with the academic performance in the first academic year Analyzed. Results: Out-of-school students had higher incidence of psychological symptoms than high-school students, especially in depression, dependence, impulse and social withdrawal. The main psychological factors that affect academic performance are depression, dependence and impulse. Conclusion: Mental health of medical freshmen has a great impact on academic performance.