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能见度是机场气象台为飞行提供的直接关系到航班是否正常的重要气象条件之一,飞行员对能见度的观测与气象台所提供的能见度数值存在差异,有时这种差异可达近千米。为什么在同样的天气状态下,飞行员的观测与气象员观测的数值会有这样大的不同呢?第一是观测时的背景亮度不同。气象能见度是指正常视力的人在以天空为背景下,水平方向上所能见到的最大距离,是以天空为背景的。而飞行员所观测到的能见度在气象上称为空中斜视能见度,是以深色的大地为背景的。第二是观测时的方位不同。气象能见度是指在观测者视野范围内超过一半面积以上的能见度值,而飞行员所观测到的通常只是跑道及其延长线方向上的能见度值。
Visibility is one of the most important meteorological conditions provided by the airport’s meteorological station for flight, which are directly related to the normal operation of the flight. The difference between the pilot’s visibility and the visibility provided by the meteorological observatory may sometimes vary up to nearly 1000 meters. Why is there such a big difference between the pilot’s observations and those observed by meteorologists under the same weather conditions? The first is that the brightness of the background during the observation is different. Meteorological visibility refers to the normal distance vision of people in the sky as the background, the horizontal direction can see the maximum distance, the background of the sky. Visibility observed by pilots is called meteorological strabismus visibility, which is based on the dark earth. The second is the observation of the different positions. Visibility is defined as the visibility over more than half the area of the observer’s field of view, and pilots usually observe only the visibility of the runway and its extension.