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传统观点认为,技术是“人类利用改造自然的方法和手段的总和”,它并不包括对技术社会后果的评价,也不涉及人的行为规范和精神文化方面的特征。但现代观念认为,科学技术是跨越了自然和社会人文不同层次的,人和技术及其环境组成了各种各样的生态网络。因此,不宜简单地把技术看成是局限于器物和劳动的手段,应把技术视为一个由物质手段与行为方式及其相适应的思维方式、价值观念与心理意识等精神文化因素共同组成的系统,这样的系统被理解为技术生态系统。此观念有助于人类全面地考察技术、科学地定义技术和对人类与技术的关系进行新的探讨。
According to the traditional view, technology is “the summation of mankind's ways and means of using nature to transform nature”. It does not include the evaluation of the consequences of technology and society nor the norms of human behavior and spiritual and cultural features. However, the modern concept holds that science and technology are across different levels of nature and society and humanity, that people and technology and their environment make up a wide variety of ecological networks. Therefore, we should not simply regard technology as a means confined to artifacts and labor. We should regard technology as a combination of mental and cultural factors such as ways of thinking, ways of thinking, psychological values, and material means and behaviors System, such a system is understood as a technical ecosystem. This concept helps humanity to examine technology in a comprehensive way, to define science scientifically and to make new discussions on the relationship between man and technology.