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目的探讨包括系统健康教育、完善管理制度及责任到人等方面,并以系统健康教育为核心的综合干预法对医务人员职业防护的影响,为国内职业防护研究提供一定的参考依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法抽取基层医院医务人员510名,将其随机分为干预组和对照组,每组有临床一线医师各100名,护士各95名,医技人员各60名。对对照组进行常规职业防护教育,对干预组施加综合干预,干预6个月后进行评价,比较两组医务人员职业防护综合知识得分情况及职业防护行为执行率。结果干预组医务人员职业防护综合知识总得分和行为执行率分别为(91.97±6.00)%和(97.26±2.62)%,与对照组比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);对照组中护士和医技人员的化学性和生物性防护知识得分高于医师(P<0.05),社会心理性防护知识低于医师(P<0.05);干预组中各专业医务人员综合知识总分、各维度分值及行为执行率均高于对照组(P<0.05),任意两组之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论以系统健康教育为核心,同时完善职业防护规章管理制度,落实职业防护责任,加强监督管理,能明显提高医务人员职业防护综合知识水平和行为执行力,此综合干预法值得推广应用。
Objective To explore the influence of comprehensive intervention including systemic health education, management system and responsibility on human occupational health protection, and to provide a reference for the study of occupational protection in China. Methods A total of 510 medical staff in primary hospitals were randomly divided into intervention group and control group randomly. There were 100 clinical doctors, 95 nurses and 60 medical technicians in each group. The routine occupational protection education was carried out in the control group. Comprehensive intervention was given to the intervention group. After six months of intervention, the evaluation was made. The scores of comprehensive knowledge of occupational protection and the implementation rate of occupational protection were compared between the two groups. Results The total score and the rate of behavior protection of medical staff in intervention group were (91.97 ± 6.00)% and (97.26 ± 2.62)%, respectively, which were significantly different from those in control group (P <0.05) The score of knowledge of chemical and biological protection among nurses and medical technicians was higher than that of physicians (P <0.05), and the knowledge of social psychological protection was lower than that of physicians (P <0.05). The scores of comprehensive knowledge, The score of each dimension and the rate of conduct were higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between any two groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion System health education as the core, while improving the rules and regulations of occupational protection management, implementation of occupational protection responsibility and strengthen supervision and management, can significantly improve the comprehensive knowledge of occupational protection and medical staff performance, this comprehensive intervention worthy of promotion and application.