社会主义国家的自然保护职能关心保持、恢复和改善国家的自然条件,从苏维埃国家存在的最初年代起,就是国家的大事。这一方面的国家活动也有了发展。但是,这种活动的规模和内容很长时期从来没有象今天这样显著突出,因此,这一活动没有成为一个独立的方面。当时形成这种情况的原因是:人对自然的各种影响规模还不大,自然在生态方面发生不良变化的可能性也小。在苏联经济战后发展的较短时期里,这种情况发生了根本的变化。工农业生产的发展整个都明显地加强了。人口增多了,大城市和工业中心增多了。调整苏联欧洲部分和西伯利亚主要河流径流的几个大型水利工程计划已经实现。由于过去对污染水域的危险性估计不足,对水逐渐地造成了一个范围极大的工业、公用事业、交通运输业和农业污染 The natural protection function of the socialist countries, concerned with maintaining, restoring and improving the natural conditions of the country, has been a national event since the very founding of the Soviet state. National activities in this area have also been developed. However, the scale and content of such activities have never been as prominent as they have been for a long time, and this activity has therefore not become an independent aspect. The reason for this situation at the time was that the various effects of mankind on nature were not large in scale and that there was naturally little chance of adverse changes in the ecology. This situation has undergone fundamental changes in the relatively short period after the postwar economic development of the Soviet Union. The whole development of industrial and agricultural production has obviously strengthened. The population has increased and the number of metropolitan and industrial centers has increased. Several large-scale water conservancy projects have been implemented to adjust the runoff of the major rivers in the European parts of the Soviet Union and Siberia. Due to a lack of estimates of the dangers of contaminated waters in the past, water has gradually created a vast range of industrial, utility, transport and agricultural pollution