为了研究采煤塌陷对地表环境的粒度成分(机械组成)影响作用与过程,通过野外调查和取样,以神府煤田风沙区采煤塌陷1年、塌陷2年的塌陷区和非塌陷区(对照)为研究对象,采用对比法系统地分析了采煤塌陷区粒度变化特征。结果表明:塌陷1年、塌陷2年塌陷区粒度组成以粗沙和中沙为主,占整个组成的65%以上,非塌陷区以中沙和细沙为主,约占80%;多变量方差分析表明,塌陷1年、塌陷2年塌陷区粒径变化无明显差异存在,而与非塌陷区粒径变化有显著差异;塌陷区沙粒起动风速随着平均粒径的增大,以对数函数增加,而风蚀量与平均粒径的关系则随着起动风速的增大,以指数函数增大。塌陷1年、塌陷2年塌陷区粒度分布曲线均为双峰态,峰值出现在0.54mm和0.125mm处,众数组出现在0.63~0.45mm和0.1~0.065mm,而非塌陷区粒度分布曲线为单峰,其极值出现在0.125处。塌陷区地表(0~10cm)范围内细粒和极细粒基本被风带走,地表颗粒呈现粗化现象,潜在的可风蚀性程度加强。 In order to study the effect and process of the coal mining subsidence on the particle size composition (mechanical composition) of the surface environment, by field investigation and sampling, the coal mining subsidence and non-subsidence area of ​​Shenfu coal mine ) As the research object, the comparative analysis method has been used to systematically analyze the characteristics of grain size variation in coal mining subsidence area. The results show that the particle size of the subsidence area is mainly composed of coarse sand and medium sand, accounting for more than 65% of the total composition. The non-subsidence area is dominated by medium sand and fine sand, accounting for about 80% of the total. Multivariate Variance analysis shows that there is no significant difference in the particle size of the subsidence area in the two years after the collapse and the non-subsidence area, but the variation with the non-subsidence area has significant difference. With the increase of the average particle size, The numerical function increases, while the relationship between the amount of wind erosion and the average particle size increases exponentially as the starting wind speed increases. The distribution of particle size distribution in the subsidence area after 1-year collapse and 2-year collapse was bimodal with peaks at 0.54mm and 0.125mm, and the population appeared at 0.63-0.45mm and 0.1-0.065mm, while the non-subsidence area was Single peak, its extreme value appears at 0.125. In the subsidence area, fine grains and fine grains are basically carried away by the wind in the surface (0 ~ 10cm) of the subsidence area. The surface grains are roughened and potential windability is enhanced.