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目的通过观察训练大鼠急进高原模型肾组织学形态改变和血中肾功能水平以探讨训练对大鼠肾组织的损伤及防护效果。方法于海拔1520m环境设实验组(EG),予中药抗疲I号加入常规饲料中喂养,对照组(CG)常规饲料喂养。EG、CG各40只游泳训练4周后,各选35只3h急进海拔3850m环境静息1.5h,从中各选10只作为静息对照采集标本;EG、CG各20只游泳至力竭后,1h、24h采集标本。结果EG与CG相比,血中肾功能水平均有显著性差异;EG肾组织结构正常,结构核清晰、无变性;CG组大鼠运动力竭24h后则出现肾组织损害、肾组织结构紊乱、肾区小管有脱落管型生成等。结论非防护的训练大鼠急进高原后肾功能有损伤,有肾水肿发生,血中肾功变化可以揭示组织损害的程度。提示过度训练、改变运动集训环境或进入高海拔地区作业训练更要特别注重加强劳动和训练防护。
Objective To investigate the effect of training on renal tissue damage and protection in rats by observing the histological changes and renal blood function in the rat model of rapid entry into the plateau. Methods The experimental group (EG) was set up at an altitude of 1520m. The anti-fatigue I was added to the conventional feed and the control group (CG) was fed conventionally. After 40 weeks of training for each of 40 EG and CG swimmers, 35 of them were selected for 3 h and 3500 m of acute elevation was rested for 1.5 h. Ten specimens were selected as resting controls from each of them; 20 of EG and CG were swimming until they were exhausted. Samples were collected at 1h and 24h. Results Compared with CG, there was a significant difference in blood renal function; EG had normal renal tissue structure, clear structural nuclear, and no degeneration; CG group suffered renal tissue damage and renal structural disorder after 24 hours of exercise exhaustion. In the renal tubule, there is a shedding tube type and so on. Conclusions The non-protected training rats suffered from renal injury after acute entry into the plateau, and there was renal edema. Changes in blood renal function could reveal the degree of tissue damage. It is also necessary to pay special attention to strengthening the protection of labor and training in order to prompt over-training, change the environment for training sports, or enter training at high altitudes.