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在家族企业的界定上,无论是基于所有权份额还是控制权程度都存在缺陷;相反,基于“家”共同体中私人性的缘关系这一根本特征则可以更清晰地对家族企业和现代企业加以区分。这包括两个基本维度:管理者的产生机制和组织运行的治理机制。一般地,在领导人产生机制上,家族企业往往是基于特殊关系的亲亲原则,而现代企业则是基于普遍关系的贤能原则;在企业治理机制上,家族企业往往基于唯亲缘观的人治原则,而现代企业则是基于唯岗位观的规治原则。当然,随着家族企业的社会性和公共性属性的增强,也出现了各种变体,并对家族企业的性质产生了深远的影响。特别是自从家族企业从无限责任制向有限责任制转变之后,管理者及其家族就不再享有家族企业的独占所有权,不再能够实行人治式的管理,也不再具有指定继承人的权利。
In the definition of family-owned enterprises, there are flaws in both the ownership share and the degree of control. On the contrary, based on the fundamental feature of the private relationship in the “family” community, family businesses and modern enterprises can be more clearly defined Be distinguished. This includes two basic dimensions: the manager’s mechanism of production and the governance mechanism of the organization’s operation. Generally speaking, family-owned enterprises are often based on the principle of “special relationship”, while modern enterprises are based on the principle of universal relations. In the mechanism of corporate governance, family-owned enterprises are often based on the principle of rule of man , While the modern enterprise is based on the principle of rule of employment. Of course, with the enhancement of the social and public attributes of the family business, various changes have appeared and have a profound impact on the nature of the family business. Especially since the family business transformed from unlimited liability to limited liability, managers and their families no longer have the exclusive ownership of family businesses, no longer able to practice dictatorial governance, and no longer have the right to appoint successors.