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作物模型是确定水氮优化管理措施的有力工具,而模型的率定和验证是模拟结果推广应用的前提。利用内蒙古半干旱区2012、2013年的大型喷灌机条件下玉米水氮充足处理对CERES-Maize模型的作物品种参数进行率定,其他不同水氮处理进行验证,并应用模型模拟了不同降雨年型下灌水施肥方案对作物产量和氮素淋失量的影响。模型验证结果表明,CERES-Maize模型可以较好地描述该地区不同水氮处理条件下玉米叶面积指数(LAI)在生育期内的变化过程。中、高灌水量处理玉米生育期内LAI的模拟精度(标准均方根误差n RMSE=23.0%~37.7%,一致性指数d=0.612~0.945)优于水分亏缺较严重的处理(n RMSE=31.8%~60.6%,d=0.501~0.878)。产量和收获期干物质质量模拟值与实测值之间的相对误差变化范围为0.1%~17.7%,n RMSE变化范围为7.6%~8.7%,d变化范围为0.758~0.791,吻合程度为优。CERES-Maize模型可用以优化喷灌水氮管理措施。不同降雨年型玉米最优灌水方案为:枯水年灌水次数为10次,灌溉定额为292 mm;平水年和丰水年灌水次数分别为8次和6次,灌溉定额分别为191 mm和95 mm。不同降雨年型最优施肥方案为:基肥的施入量为40 kg/hm2,拔节期和抽穗期的施入量均为60 kg/hm2。优化水氮管理措施不仅能够获得较高的玉米产量,还能减少氮素淋失。
The crop model is a powerful tool to determine the optimal management measures of water and nitrogen, and the calibration and verification of the model are the prerequisites for the popularization and application of simulation results. In this paper, the crop variety parameters of CERES-Maize model were calibrated by using sufficient irrigation of nitrogen and nitrogen in large irrigation sprinklers in the semi-arid area of Inner Mongolia in 2012 and 2013, and other water and nitrogen treatments were validated. The model was used to simulate different rainfall years Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Regimes on Crop Yield and Nitrogen Leaching Loss. The results of model validation show that the CERES-Maize model can describe the change of corn leaf area index (LAI) under different water and nitrogen treatments in the region. The simulation accuracy of LAI (standard root mean square error n RMSE = 23.0% -37.7%, consistency index d = 0.612-0.945) was better than that of water deficit treatment (n RMSE = 31.8% -60.6%, d = 0.501-0.878). The relative error between simulated and measured dry matter mass yield and harvest ranged from 0.1% to 17.7%, n RMSE ranged from 7.6% to 8.7%, and d ranged from 0.758 to 0.791. The CERES-Maize model can be used to optimize sprinkler water nitrogen management. The optimum irrigation schedule for different years of maize was as follows: the number of irrigation in dry years was 10 and the irrigation quota was 292 mm; the irrigation times in flat and wet years were 8 and 6, respectively, and the irrigation quotas were 191 mm and 95 mm. The optimum fertilization plan for different annual rainfall types was as follows: the application rate of basal fertilizer was 40 kg / hm2, and the jointing amount at jointing and heading stage was 60 kg / hm2. Optimizing water and nitrogen management measures not only yields higher yields of maize but also reduces nitrogen leaching.