20世纪的世界文学有两大思潮:一是流行于欧美的现代主义思潮,一是流行于东欧和亚洲社会主义国家的社会主义现实主义的思潮。两种思潮均发端于19世纪末,衰落于20世纪末,为世界文学留下了丰富的遗产,也留下深刻的教训。站在21世纪的历史制高点上,全面总结和反思这两种思潮,从而为 There are two major trends of world literature in the 20th century: First, the trend of modernism popular in Europe and the United States; first, the trend of socialist realism prevalent in Eastern Europe and the socialist countries in Asia. Both trends originated in the late 19th century. The decline took place in the late 20th century, leaving rich legacy to world literature and leaving deep lessons. Standing on the historic high ground in the 21st century, we have summarized and reflected on these two trends of thought in an all-round way