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无底柱分段崩落法是国内外地下矿山广泛采用的采矿方法。长期以来由于受凿岩、装药以及出矿设备的制约,国内矿山大多采用小结构参数的无底柱分段崩落法,所产生的地压问题十分严重,开采效率低。近年来无底柱分段崩落法朝着增大采场结构参数的方向发展,不但有利于改善采场稳定性,同时还降低了生产成本。因此,开展采场稳定性分析有利于实现安全、高效开采。采用三维有限元方法对10 m×10 m、15 m×15 m、15 m×20 m共3种不同结构参数的崩落法采场进行了数值模拟,对进路开挖与矿石回采两个不同过程的巷道顶板竖直位移、主应力进行分析。数值计算结果表明:进路开挖时15 m×20 m与10 m×10 m的结构参数相比较,巷道顶板的竖直位移降低了20.1%,最小主应力下降了约18.8%;开采过程中顶板的竖直位移、主应力值都比进路开挖时小,采场地压得到改善;进路开挖与矿石回采过程巷道顶板的竖直位移和主应力值都随着结构参数的增大而降低。因此,大结构参数能更好地改善采场地压,增强采场稳定性,采用大结构参数的无底柱分段崩落法是安全可行的。
Sub-pillar Caving method is widely used underground mining underground mining methods. For a long time, due to the restriction of rock drilling, charging and ore-discharging equipment, most of the domestic mines adopt the small pillarless subsidence caving method with small structural parameters, resulting in a serious problem of underground pressure and low exploitation efficiency. In recent years, the pillarless caving method has been developed to increase the stope structure parameters, which not only helps to improve the stope stability but also reduces the production cost. Therefore, carrying out stability analysis of stope is conducive to safe and efficient mining. Three-dimensional finite element method was used to simulate the caving method of caving method with three different structural parameters of 10 m × 10 m, 15 m × 15 m and 15 m × 20 m, The process of roadway roof vertical displacement, the main stress analysis. The numerical results show that compared with the structural parameters of 15 m × 20 m and 10 m × 10 m, the vertical displacement of the roadway roof decreases by 20.1% and the minimum principal stress decreases by 18.8%. During the mining process The vertical displacement and the main stress of the roof are smaller than that of the excavation and the ground pressure of the stope is improved. The vertical displacement and principal stress of the roof of the roadway during excavation and ore recovery are both increased with the increase of structural parameters Lower. Therefore, the large structural parameters can better improve the stope pressure and enhance the stability of stope. It is safe and feasible to adopt the subsea column caving method with large structural parameters.