At first glance, environmental biotechnology1 may seem the newest branch of an emerging science. Compared with agricultural and medical biotechnology, environmental research and biotechnological applications are relatively recent. In reality, however, humankind has been using Mother Nature’s own remedies for thousands of years to preserve the environment and heal damage done to it. tBiotechnology can be defined as the use of living organisms to make a product or drive a progress. One of the earliest examples of environmental biotechnology is composting2, the process whereby bacteria, fungi3, and other organisms break down organic matter and return nutrients4 to the soil. The practice of composting originated nearly simultaneously with agriculture, i.e., during the period when humankind turned from hunting and gathering food to tilling5 fields and growing crops. Thus, environmental biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology developed at the same time. At first glance, environmental biotechnology1 may seem the newest branch of an emerging science. Compared with agricultural and medical biotechnology, environmental research and biotechnological applications are relatively recent. In reality, however, humankind has been using Mother Nature’s own remedies for thousands of years to One of the earliest examples of environmental biotechnology is composting2, the processd bacteria, fungi3, and other Organisms break down organic matter and return nutrients4 to the soil. The practice of composting originated nearly simultaneous with agriculture, ie, during the period when humankind turning from hunting and gathering food to tilling5 fields and growing crops. Thus, environmental biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology developed At the same time.