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一、背景1990年11月15日,布什总统签署了《1990清洁空气法修正案》。该修正案主要目的是减少那些可能导致酸雨的污染物,它还涉及到其他空气污染问题,包括臭氧层的破坏。该修正案开出了189个有害空气污染物的清单,并要求国家环境保护暑(EPA)必须自修正案颁布实施之日起十年内为这些污染物建立“最大可行控制技术”的标准。新法案的批评者们则认为:《1990清洁空气法修正案》实施后,工业每年估计需要花费250亿美元用于治理污染,因此,这是近年来最为昂贵的一项环境立法。
I. Background On November 15, 1990, President Bush signed the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment. The main purpose of the amendment is to reduce those pollutants that may cause acid rain. It also addresses other air pollution problems, including the destruction of the ozone layer. The amendment opened a list of 189 hazardous air pollutants and required the National Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to establish a “maximum viable control technology” for these pollutants within 10 years from the date of enactment of the amendment . Critics of the new law argue that after the implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the industry spends about $ 25 billion a year on pollution control and is therefore the most expensive environmental legislation in recent years.