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衰老不仅是人类个体健康面临的重要问题，同时也牵动着整个社会的关注。当前，衰老造成的社会经济负担急剧增长，因此衰老及衰老相关疾病的研究也正成为一个新兴的热点领域。近年来，医学抗衰老的内分泌治疗由于其可能增加患肿瘤风险等潜在的多种副作用而受到一定限制，医学抗衰老的研究也已从内分泌信号通路扩展至对衰老相关基因网络及分子靶点的调控。既往的研究证实，GHRH-GH-IGF-1/insulin，TOR-S6K1，NAD+-Sirtuin，P53，Klotho 和 APOE 等基因靶点和信号通路与肿瘤、心血管疾病、糖尿病、骨质疏松、神经退行性变等衰老相关疾病之间存在紧密联系，是目前抗衰老的关键靶点。深入研究医学抗衰老相关的信号通路及分子靶点，有助于我们更好地了解衰老发生及调控的机制，研发安全有效的抗衰老药物。“,”Aging represents an important health issue not only for the individual, but also for society in general. Burdens associated with aging are expanding as longevity increases. This has led to an enhanced focus on issues related to aging and age-related diseases. Until recently, anti-aging endocrine-therapy has been largely limited to hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) that is associated with multiple side effects, including an increased risk of cancer. This has greatly limited the application of HRT in anti-aging therapy. Recently, the focus of anti-aging research has expanded from endocrine signaling pathways to effects on regulatory gene networks. In this regard, the GHRH-GH-IGF-1/Insulin, TOR-S6K1, NAD+ - Sirtuin, P53, Klotho and APOE pathways have been recognized to be linked to processes associated with age-related diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, all of which directly inlfuence health in aging, and represent key targets in anti-aging therapy.