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温室效应、酸雨现今已被公认为威胁人类生存环境和地球生态平衡的两大公害。构成这两大公害的主要有三种气体,即二氧化碳、二氧化硫和氧化氮。这三种气体的大量产生是人类在经济活动中使用煤炭、石油和天然气等矿物燃料的结果。如一座100万千瓦的燃煤电站每年烧煤约300万吨,产生二氧化碳700万吨,二氧化硫12万吨,氧化氮2万吨。统计表明,全球使用矿物燃料所排放的二氧化碳占二氧化碳总排放量的66%,其中燃煤发电所排放的二氧化碳约占24%。在英国,向大气中排放的二氧化碳约41%来自燃煤,35%来自烧油,
The greenhouse effect and acid rain have now been recognized as two major public hazards that threaten the human living environment and the ecological balance of the earth. There are three major gases that make up these two major hazards: carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. The massive production of these three gases is the result of the use of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas by humans in economic activities. For example, a 1 million-kilowatt coal-fired power station burns about 3 million tons of coal each year, producing 7 million tons of carbon dioxide, 120,000 tons of sulfur dioxide, and 20,000 tons of nitrogen oxides. Statistics show that the global use of fossil fuels emits 66% of total carbon dioxide emissions, of which carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power generation account for about 24%. In the UK, about 41% of the carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere comes from burning coal and 35% from burning oil.