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进入21世纪以来,欧美等发达国家在林产品贸易中借助其技术优势,以环境规制为名设定市场准入条件,限制中国林产品出口贸易。近些年来虽然中国林产品出口稳定增长但增长率明显下降,产品出口集中度有所下降但仍然面临较大风险,林产品出口贸易依然以加工贸易为主要方式。从短期来看,环境规制会导致中国林产品出口数量下降、产品成本上升及其国际竞争力下降;从长期来看,环境规制能给中国林产品出口带来创新效应、形象效应及绿色效应。在环境规制不可逆转情况下,应进一步建立健全森林认证制度体系,转变贸易方式促进产业结构升级,加大打击非法林产品贸易力度,实现林产品出口市场多元化,有效推动中国林产品出口贸易持续健康发展。
Since the beginning of the 21st century, the developed countries in Europe and the United States have used their technological advantages in forest products trade to set market access conditions in the name of environmental regulation and restrict the export trade of Chinese forest products. In recent years, although the export of forest products in China has been growing steadily, the growth rate has dropped markedly while the concentration of export products has declined. However, there is still a great risk that the export of forest products still takes the processing trade as the main mode. In the short term, environmental regulation will lead to a decline in the export volume of China’s forest products, a rise in product costs and a decline in its international competitiveness. In the long run, environmental regulation will bring about innovation, image and green effects to China’s forest products exports. Under the circumstance of irreversible environmental regulation, we should further establish and improve the forest certification system, change the mode of trade, promote the upgrading of the industrial structure, intensify efforts to crack down on trade in illegal forest products, diversify the export market of forest products and effectively promote the export of forest products in China healthy growth.