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19世纪中国自西方引进的近代交通工具有两种,一是轮船,二是铁路。两者都是中国近代化的重要工具。轮船打开了中国赖以闭关自守的海禁,铁路则克服陆上的险阻,使中国堂奥洞开。两者相较而言,铁路的作用比较更为重要。中国是一个幅员辽阔的内陆国家,轮船所及的范围只限于海岸线和内河沿岸,而广大的内陆则任由逢山开路、遇水搭桥的铁路驰骋,其影响比轮船要大得多。近代中国先进的人们(主要是洋务派)为了救亡御侮,提出“借法自强”,把铁路这一19世纪新兴的交通工具引进到中国来,从而使中国在近代化的路途上迈出了
In the 19th century, there were two types of modern means of transport that China introduced from the West. One was a ship and the other was a railway. Both are important tools of China’s modernization. The ship opened China’s ban on customs clearance and the railroad overcame the danger of landing on the land to make China open its doors. In comparison, the role of the railway is more important. China is a vast landlocked country. Its scope is limited to the coastline and the inland rivers. The vast hinterland is open to every mountain. The railway bridged by water lags far behind ships. In modern times, the advanced Chinese people (mainly the Westernization School) proposed “borrowing self-reliance” in order to save the nation and introduce the emerging railroad in the 19th century to China so that China could take the road of modernization