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对于中国传统音乐文化而言,由于其记谱方式与传承方式的体系特征,即兴演奏曾是音乐实践中无处不在的常用技巧,被认为是中国传统音乐最重要的特征之一。本文以使用工尺谱或曾以工尺谱为传承核心的乐种为考察对象,把即兴演奏作为文化中的习得行为放入到传承及音乐形成的过程中,探讨工尺谱传承中乐谱所规定的基本旋律框架和即兴演奏版本之间的关系,并梳理其即兴演奏的传承方式及体系性特征。由此,本文认为即兴演奏是建构中国传统音乐文化品性及其认同的重要维度,也是我们在保护非物质文化遗产及传统音乐文化时的核心所在。
For traditional Chinese music culture, improvisation was considered as ubiquitous common practice in music practice because of its system of notation and inheritance. It is considered as one of the most important features of Chinese traditional music. In this paper, we use the staff spectrum or the musical instruments that have been based on the genealogical spectrum as the inheritance core, and put the impromptu performance as the acquisition of culture into the process of inheritance and music formation. The stipulation of the relationship between the basic melody frame and the impromptu version, and combing the way of inheritance and systematic features of improvisation. Therefore, this paper holds that improvisation is an important dimension to construct Chinese traditional musical cultural identity and identity, and it is also the core of our protection of intangible cultural heritage and traditional music culture.