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“如何对待西方文论”是当代中国文论话语体系建构过程中必然遭遇的首要问题。对西方文论进行全面深入的理解,尤其理解其中关涉中国文学的研究内容,以自我建设为根本目的进行借鉴和批判:这是我们应当采取的正确态度。“理解”不是曲解或误解,而是历史性地诠释理论本身并借助西方“他者”的眼光来反观我们自身,这是借鉴和批判的前提;“借鉴”不是“山寨”或盲目认同,而是取其精华,使其落地生根于中国特定的历史文化语境,真正应用于中国文学问题和现实问题的解决;“批判”不是否定或拒绝,而是本着“了解之同情”的原则,规避其理论自身的不合理或不足之处,坚持“自我”意识,过滤掉其背后的某些意识形态色彩等。雅各布森语言诗学是现代西方文论链条中十分关键的一环,以此为例,可窥探理解、借鉴和批判西方文论的可能路径。
How to Treat Western Literary Theory is the most important issue which inevitably encountered in the construction of the discourse system of contemporary Chinese literary theory. We should make a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of Western literary theory, especially understand the contents of the study related to Chinese literature, and learn and criticize ourselves as the fundamental purpose: This is the correct attitude we should take. “Understanding ” is not misinterpretation or misunderstanding, but historical interpretation of the theory itself and with the help of the Western “Other” perspective to reflect on ourselves, which is the premise of reference and criticism; Cottage “or blindly agree, but rather take its essence, so that it takes root in China’s specific historical and cultural context, the real application of Chinese literature and practical problems; ” criticism “is not denied or rejected, but In line with the principle of ”sympathy for understanding“, we should avoid the irrationality or inadequacy of the theory itself, stick to the consciousness of ”self" and filter out some ideological colors behind it. Jacobsen’s poetics of language is a very crucial part in the chain of modern Western literary theory. Taking Jacobs as an example, he can look into the possible path of understanding, reference and criticism of Western literary theory.