对学生而言,造成学习负担过重有外在和内在两方面原因。外因包括作业量过大、教学内容偏难、考试多、科目多、学习任务超过学生心理和生理所承受的程度等;内因则来自于学生心理,主要表现在学习心理负担过重、认识系统方面“会学”的能力差、学习动力系统水平低等三个方面。人们往往注意到教师方面的“减负”,却忽视了“减负”的内因:协调学生学会自己“减负”。 For students, there are external and internal reasons for the heavy learning burden. Extrinsic factors include excessive workload, difficult teaching content, multiple examinations, multiple subjects, and learning tasks that exceed students’ psychological and physical tolerance levels; internal causes result from student psychology, which is mainly manifested in learning psychological overload and understanding of the system. There are three aspects: poor ability to learn and low level of learning motivation. People often pay attention to the “burden reduction” of teachers but ignore the internal cause of “burden reduction”: Coordinating students learn to “reduce their burden.”