Objective:In this research,the patterns of cancer incidence and mortality in areas with different gross domestic product per capita(GDPPC)levels in China were explored,using data from population-based cancer registries in 2013,collected by the National Central Cancer Registry(NCCR).Methods:Data from 255 cancer registries were qualified and included in this analysis.Based on the GDPPC data of 2014,cities/counties were divided into 3 levels:high-,middle-and low-GDPPC areas,with 40,000 and 80,000 RMB per year as cut points.We calculated cancer incidences and mortalities in these three levels,stratified by gender and age group.The national population of the Fifth Census in 2000 and Segi’s population were applied for age-standardized rates.Results:The crude incidence and mortality rates as well as age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)showed positive associations with GDPPC level.The age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)nevertheless showed a negative association with GDPPC level.The ASMR in high-,middle-and low-GDPPC areas was 103.12/100,000,112.49/100,000 and 117.43/100,000,respectively.Lung cancer was by far the most common cancer in all three GDPPC levels.It was also the leading cause of cancer death,regardless of gender and GDPPC level.Negative associations with GDPPC level were found for the ASIRs of lung,stomach,esophageal and liver cancer,whereas colorectal and breast cancer showed positive associations.Except for breast cancer,the ASMRs of the other five cancers were always higher in middle-and low-GDPPC areas than in high-GDPPC areas.Conclusions:The economic development is one of the main factors of the heavy cancer burden on Chinese population.It would be reasonable to implement cancer control strategies referring to the local GDPPC level. Objective: In this research, the patterns of cancer incidence and mortality in areas with different gross domestic product per capita (GDPPC) levels in China were explored, using data from population-based cancer registries in 2013, collected by the National Central Cancer Registry ( NCCR). Methods: Data from 255 cancer registries were qualified and included in this analysis. Based on the GDPPC data of 2014, cities / counties were divided into 3 levels: high-, middle-and low-GDPPC areas, with 40,000 and 80,000 RMB per year as cut points. We calculated that cancer incidences and mortalities in these three levels, stratified by gender and age group. The national population of the Fifth Census in 2000 and Segi’s population were applied for age-standardized rates. Results: The crude incidence and mortality rates as well as age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) showed positive associations with GDPPC level. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) indicates that the negative association with GDPPC level. ASMR i n high, middle-and low-GDPPC areas was 103.12 / 100,000, 112.49 / 100,000 and 117.43 / 100,000, respectively. Lung cancer was by the most common cancer in all three GDPPC levels. It was also the leading cause of cancer death, regardless of gender and GDPPC level. Negative associations with GDPPC level were found for the ASIRs of lung, stomach, esophageal and liver cancer, while colorectal and breast cancer was shown positive associations. Except for breast cancer, the ASMRs of the other five cancers were always higher in middle-and low-GDPPC areas than in high-GDPPC areas. Conclusions: The economic development is one of the main factors of the heavy cancer burden on Chinese population. It would be reasonable to implement cancer control strategies referring to the local GDPPC level .