袁世凯是中国近代史上既臭名昭著又一度呼风唤雨的历史人物,一直是学界研究的热点。但很多论述依然脱不了其“奸雄”、“窃国大盗”等脸谱化概念。历史人物往往是复杂的、甚至很多时候是矛盾的。由于袁世凯政治生涯前后期为官性质不同,前期扮演着臣子角色,后期则为一国当政者,截然不同的角色必然会对中国近代起着不同作用,产生不同影响。本文将重点论述其施政过程中推进近代化的积极性贡献,同时指出在其登上权力顶峰后为所欲为,逆历史潮流而动,在一定程度上迟滞了近代化进程的反动性一面。 Yuan Shikai, a notorious and once-known historical figure in modern Chinese history, has always been a hot spot in academic research. However, many expositions are still unable to escape the concept of “profiteers”, “stealing country thieves” and other facial features. Historical figures are often complex and often contradictory. Due to the different official qualities of Yuan Shikai’s political career before and after his career, he played a leading role in the early stage and later became a leader of the country. Different roles would inevitably play different roles in modern China and have different impacts. This article will focus on its contribution to the promotion of modernization in the course of its governance. At the same time, it points out that it is dehumanizing the reactionary phase of the modernization process to a certain extent by doing whatever it wants and reversing the trend of history after its summit of power.