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蛹虫草是虫草属的模式标本物种，含有多种生物活性成分，具有广泛的药理作用，有很高的价值。作为我国名贵的中药材，它在功能食品和医药等方面有很好的实用价值，已经能实现规模生产，目前已被国家科技部批准为冬虫夏草的替代品和新资源食品。本文总结了近年来野生和人工培养蛹虫草的化学活性成分相关研究情况，将对蛹虫草的深度开发、临床应用等提供科学参考。“,”Cordyceps militaris is the model species of the genus Cordyceps, containing a variety of bioactive ingredients, having a wide range of pharmacological effects and high value in product. As a valuable traditional Chinese medicine, it plays a very important role of both clinic medicine and alternative food. Cordyceps militaris has been successfully cultured at large scale, it was deemed to be an alternative to Cordyceps sinensis and new resource food by the State Ministry of Science and Technology. This review summarized the latest progress of the research on chemical composition of Cordyceps militaris of both the wild and the cultured, being attempt to provide scientific insight for research and development as well as clinical application.