能源是人类活动的重要物质基础。社会越发展,人类对能源的依赖程度就越高。著名经济学家西奥多·W·舒尔茨就指出:“能源是无可替代的,现代生活完全是架构于能源之上,虽然能源可以象任何其他货物一样买卖,但它并不只是一种货物而已,而是一切货物的先决条件,是和空气、水、土同等重要的要素。”自工业革命以来,能源安全问题就开始出现。1913年,英国海军开始用石油取代煤炭作为动力时,时任海军上 Energy is an important material basis for human activities. The more society develops, the more human beings depend on energy. The famous economist Theodore W. Schultz pointed out: “Energy is irreplaceable. Modern life is entirely based on energy. Although energy can be traded like any other goods, it is not just A cargo, but a prerequisite for everything, is an equally important element of air, water and soil. ”Since the industrial revolution, energy security problems began to emerge. In 1913, when the British Navy began using oil instead of coal as a driving force, it was on the navy