过失是指行为人能够预见到自己的行为可能会对受保护法益造成侵害,却没有采取合理的措施对侵害加以避免。也就是说,过失的认定以“可预见性”的存在为前提。“可预见性”并非指个案中的当事人是否有能力预见,而是指向当代社会各行各业所积累的知识、经验、能力和勤勉,即一个抽象的“理性人”的预见可能性。对组织体而言,判断其“可以预见”与否,不能以内部某个成员的个体能力为标准,而是以组织体的整体能力作为提出注意要求的基础,或者更准确地说,以“同行业、领域中一般的组织体所具有的能力”作为衡量可以预见与否的标准。判断“可以预见”与否,关键是要看有关侵害可能性的信息是否可得,至于侵害是出于人的理性还是非理性,在所不问。“可预见性”实际上为行为人提出了一项调查了解义务,这一义务要求行为人对其行为的风险进行积极的调查了解,调查了解的范围不限于当下,而是行为风险所涵盖的合理期间。 Negligence means that the perpetrator can foresee that his actions may infringe on the protected legal interests, but he fails to take reasonable measures to avoid the violation. In other words, the assumption of negligence is premised on the existence of “predictability”. “Predictability” does not mean that the parties in a case are capable of predicting, but rather the knowledge, experience, ability and diligence accumulated in all walks of life in contemporary society, that is, the prospect of an abstract “rational man” Sex. For organizations, judging whether they can “predict” or not can not be based on the individual ability of an internal member as a standard, but on the basis of the overall ability of the organization as a basis for making a request for attention or, to be more precise, To “as the industry, the field of general organization has the ability ” as a measure of the foreseeable or not standards. To judge “can be expected ” or not, the key is to see whether the information on the possibility of infringement is available, as to whether the infringement is out of human reason or irrationality, do not ask. “Predictability ” Actually, a survey is conducted for the perpetrator to understand the obligations that require the perpetrator to conduct a positive investigation of the risk of his conduct. The scope of the investigation is not limited to the moment but to the risk of conduct Covers reasonable period.