播期对不同穗部特征小麦品种(系)生育期和农艺性状的影响

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为了解播期对多小穗和寡小穗小麦生育期及农艺性状的影响,对13份不同来源的小麦品种(系)两年分期播种的生育期和6个农艺性状(株高、单株有效分蘖数、穗长、每穗小穗数、穗粒数和千粒重)进行了分析和评价。结果表明,播期的推迟导致材料间出苗期差异变大,抽穗期差异缩小,但开花期和成熟期差异变化不大,各农艺性状值减小。经方差分析,各农艺性状在不同播期和品种(系)间均存在极显著差异,其中单株有效分蘖数的变异系数最大,穗粒数次之,每穗小穗数最小。多小穗材料10-A和寡小穗材料BE89的穗长、每穗小穗数和穗粒数在播期间差异较小。经相关分析,播种至出苗和分蘖至抽穗天数与温度呈极显著负相关,出苗至分蘖和开花至成熟天数与平均日照时间呈显著负相关,抽穗至开花天数与温度和降水量呈显著负相关。经多元逐步回归分析,日最高温和日均温对多小穗和寡小穗材料的分蘖至抽穗天数有显著影响,平均日照时间在开花期、日最高温在成熟期分别对多小穗材料发育有显著影响。由此可见,小穗数特异性材料的每穗小穗数在不同播期下能保持稳定。 In order to understand the effects of sowing dates on the growth and agronomic characters of multiple spikelets and oligo-spike wheat, 13 different wheat cultivars (lines) Effective tiller number, spike length, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet number and thousand-grain weight) were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that the delay of sowing date resulted in the bigger difference between the seedling stage and the difference of the heading stage, but the difference between the flowering stage and the mature stage did not change much, and the agronomic traits decreased. By means of analysis of variance, there were significant differences among different sowing dates and varieties (lines) in agronomic traits. Among them, the coefficient of variation of effective tillers per plant was the largest, the number of spikelets was the second, and the number of spikelets per panicle was the smallest. Spike length, number of spikelets per panicle and number of spikelets per panicle of multi-spike material 10-A and oligo-spike material BE89 were not significantly different during sowing. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant negative correlation between temperature and seedling emergence and tillering to heading days. There was a significant negative correlation between emergence and tillering and the number of days from flowering to maturity and the average sunshine time. There was a significant negative correlation between heading and flowering days and temperature and precipitation . By multivariate stepwise regression analysis, the daily maximum temperature and average daily temperature had significant effects on the tillering to heading days of spikelets and oligosperms, and the average sunshine duration at flowering stage and daily maximum temperature at maturity was more than that of spikelets Have a significant impact. Thus, the number of spikelets per spike of specific material spikelets in different sowing time can remain stable.
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