在机械加工中,研究误差的方法有两类:因素分析法和统计分析法。前者是通过分析计算或实验测得某一因素(当其他因素固定不变)与加工误差的关系式;后者是以实测工件数据为基础,运用数理统计原理,从中找出规律,得出结果,用以指导或控制工艺过程的进行。而在实际加工中,影响误差的因素很多,各因素之间又往往产生交互作用,而且因素的出现和大小在很大程度上带有随机性,因此研究误差,一般采用统计分析法。在这种方法中,要以加工误差分布图(直方图)应用最广。因为它提供的信息多, In machining, there are two ways to study error: factor analysis and statistical analysis. The former is through the analysis or experimentally measured a factor (when other factors are constant) and the relationship between processing error; the latter is based on the measured workpiece data, the use of mathematical statistics to find out the law from which the results , To guide or control the progress of the process. In the actual processing, there are many factors that affect the error, and the factors often interact with each other, and the appearance and size of the factors are largely random. Therefore, the research error is generally analyzed by statistical methods. In this method, the machining error distribution (histogram) is the most widely used. Because it provides more information,