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目的探讨青少年适应性对抑郁症状的影响,为保障青少年心理健康提供依据。方法于2015年3月,采用分层整群抽样方法,抽取苏州市12所中学初一至高三的学生2 902人为调查对象,由学生本人独立填写自制社会人口学特征表、青少年适应量表(修订版)和精神症状自评量表(SCL-90),当场回收问卷。应用EXCEL 2010和Epi Data 3.10进行数据整理,应用SPSS 18.0软件进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析。结果单因素分析中,年龄、年级、是否入学新生、父母外出工作情况、情绪适应、社会适应、学习生活适应是青少年抑郁症状发生的影响因素,OR(95%CI)分别为1.815(1.531~2.151),3.334(2.421~4.592)、3.217(2.324~4.453)、3.593(2.625~4.918)、2.992(2.169~4.127)、2.204(1.588~3.059),0.739(0.621~0.880),2.071(1.677~2.557),0.847(0.826~0.869),0.836(0.815~0.858),0.833(0.811~0.856);性别、家庭经济状况、成长环境对青少年抑郁症状的发病风险的影响无统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年级、家庭经济状况、父母婚姻状况、父母外出工作情况、情绪适应、社会适应、学习生活适应是青少年抑郁症状的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论青少年适应性越好患抑郁症状的风险越小,是抑郁症状的保护因素。
Objective To explore the impact of adolescent adaptability on depression symptoms and provide evidence for adolescent mental health. Methods In March 2015, stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect 2 902 students from the first to third senior high schools in 12 middle schools in Suzhou City. The self-made socio-demographic characteristics table and adolescents’ adaptation scale (Revised Version) and psychiatric symptoms self-rating scale (SCL-90), on the spot recovery questionnaire. Data were extracted using EXCEL 2010 and Epi Data 3.10. SPSS 18.0 software was used to perform univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In univariate analysis, OR (95% CI) were 1.815 (1.531 ~ 2.151, respectively) for age, grade, freshmen entering school, working conditions of parents, emotional adjustment, social adaptation and learning and living adaptation were the influencing factors of teenage depression. , 3.334 (2.421-4.592), 3.217 (2.324-4.453), 3.593 (2.625-4.918), 2.992 (2.169-4.127), 2.204 (1.588-3.059), 0.739 (0.621-0.880), 2.071 (1.677-2.557) , 0.847 (0.826 ~ 0.869), 0.836 (0.815 ~ 0.858) and 0.833 (0.811 ~ 0.856). The gender, family economic status and growth environment had no significant effect on the risk of depression among adolescents. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender, grade, family economic status, marital status of parents, working status of parents, emotional adjustment, social adaptation and learning-living adaptation were the influencing factors of adolescent depression (P <0.05). Conclusions The better adaptability of adolescents is to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms and is the protective factor of depressive symptoms.