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目的了解梅州市2011―2015手足口病病原学特征,为手足口病防控提供科学依据。方法收集2011―2015年梅州市手足口病监测哨点医院送检的手足口病临床诊断病例咽拭子样本,采用实时荧光定量PCR法进行肠道病毒71型(EV 71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Cox A16)和其他肠道病毒核酸检测。结果 2011―2015年共检测样本1 280份,检出肠道病毒核酸阳性974份,总阳性率为76.09%。其中EV 71型病毒核酸阳性418份,占42.92%;Cox A16型病毒核酸阳性103份,占10.57%;其他肠道病毒核酸阳性453份,占46.51%。2011、2012、2014年以EV 71型为优势流行株,分别占44.09%、64.17%和76.12%;2013、2015年则以其他肠道病毒为优势流行株,分别占72.48%和89.04%。结论 2011―2015年梅州市手足口病病毒型别构成存在较大差异,今后应加强手足口病流行特征和病原学监测,进一步掌握手足口病的流行规律。
Objective To understand the etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in 2011-2015 in Meizhou City and provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease. Methods Throat swab specimens of clinically diagnosed cases of hand, foot and mouth disease were collected from 2011-2015 hand-foot-mouth disease surveillance sentinel hospital of Meizhou City. Real-time PCR method was used to detect EV71, Coxsackie virus A group of 16 (Cox A16) and other enterovirus nucleic acid detection. Results A total of 1,280 samples were tested during 2011-2015, and 974 positive samples were detected. The total positive rate was 76.09%. Among them, 418 were positive for EV71 virus, accounting for 42.92%; 103 were positive for Cox A16 virus, accounting for 10.57%; 453 were positive for other enterovirus viruses, accounting for 46.51%. EV71 was the dominant strain in 2011, 2012 and 2014, accounting for 44.09%, 64.17% and 76.12% respectively; in 2013 and 2015, other enteroviruses were predominant strains, accounting for 72.48% and 89.04% respectively. Conclusion There is a big difference in the composition of hand-foot-mouth disease virus in Meizhou City from 2011 to 2015. In the future, we should strengthen the epidemiological characteristics and etiological monitoring of hand-foot-mouth disease to further understand the epidemiology of hand-foot-mouth disease.