传统观念认为,以公有制为基础的社会主义经济,只能是计划经济,不能是商品经济,更不用说市场经济了。商品经济只能以私有制为基础,市场经济属于资本主义的经济范畴。当然,在实践中,社会主义国家在实行计划经济的前提下,也允许某些商品和市场的存在,但商品只限于不同所有制之间的交换,市场只能存在于计划经济的缝隙之中,作为它的补充。这种情况,改革开放后开始松动,到了1984年党的十二届三中全会,才在总结实践经验的基础上,第一次明确提出社 The traditional view is that the socialist economy based on public ownership can only be a planned economy, not a commodity economy, let alone a market economy. The commodity economy can only be based on private ownership and the market economy belongs to the economic category of capitalism. Of course, in practice, the socialist countries allow the existence of certain commodities and markets under the premise of a planned economy. But the commodities are limited to the exchange of different ownership systems. The market can only exist in the gap of the planned economy. As its complement. This situation began to loosen after the reform and opening up. By the Third Plenary Session of the 12th CPC Central Committee in 1984, on the basis of summing up practical experiences, it was first explicitly put forward