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microRNA,新近发现的一类重要的转录后水平的调控分子,是一种长度介于18~25 bp之间的单链RNA分子,其一般通过与靶序列3′UTR区配对碱基的相互作用,影响mRNA的稳定性或者翻译效率从而起到对靶基因功能的调控作用。该小分子作为生命过程中一类重要调节分子参与细胞的生长、发育、分化、凋亡等基本的生理过程,对于细胞的信号转导、组织器官的分化发育也有一定的调节作用。在人类疾病(白血病、肿瘤、精神病及自身免疫性疾病等)中发现了特征性的异常microRNA表达,进一步说明该分子在生理病理状态下的重要作用。最近的许多研究表明一系列的microRNA参与免疫反应的调控,包括T/B细胞的发育分化、抗体类型的转换、单核/中性粒细胞的增殖、炎症因子的释放等过程。本文主要阐述近年来microRNA在免疫学方面B淋巴细胞分化发育中的作用。
A recently discovered class of important post-transcriptional regulatory molecules, microRNAs, are single-stranded RNA molecules between 18 and 25 bp in length that typically interact with bases in the 3 ’UTR of a target sequence , Affect the stability of mRNA or translation efficiency and thus play a regulatory role on the target gene function. As a kind of important regulatory molecule in the process of life, this small molecule participates in the basic physiological processes of cell growth, development, differentiation and apoptosis. It also regulates the cell signal transduction and the differentiation and development of tissues and organs. In human diseases (leukemia, cancer, psychosis and autoimmune diseases, etc.) found abnormal expression of abnormal microRNA, further illustrating the important role of the molecular physiological and pathological conditions. Many recent studies have shown that a series of microRNAs are involved in the regulation of immune responses, including the development and differentiation of T / B cells, the conversion of antibody types, the proliferation of monocytes / neutrophils and the release of inflammatory factors. This article focuses on the role of microRNAs in the development of B lymphocyte differentiation in immunology in recent years.