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目的了解2004—2014年上海市闵行区猩红热流行病学特征和流行趋势,探讨控制对策,为进一步制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法对2004—2014年上海市闵行区的猩红热病例数据资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2004—2014年闵行区累计报告猩红热病例4 649例,发病高峰为每年4—6月和11—1月,年均报告发病率为19.94/10万,发病率呈逐年上升趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);病例分布于13个社区,男女比例为1.69∶1,男性年均报告发病率为12.53/10万,女性年均报告发病率为7.41/10万,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。发病年龄以3~<15岁年龄组最多,4 526人,占病例总数的97.35%。发病职业以学生2 254人最多,占48.48%;幼托儿童2 103人,占45.24%;散居儿童263人,占5.66%,其他职业29人,占0.62%。结论冬春季是猩红热高发季节,学校、托幼机构是发病的高危场所,男性较容易发病,应加强冬春季学校和托幼机构的疫情监测和健康教育工作,达到有效控制猩红热疫情的目的。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2004 to 2014, discuss control strategies and provide scientific basis for further effective prevention and control measures. Methods The data of scarlet fever cases from 2004 to 2014 in Minhang district of Shanghai were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 4 649 cases of scarlet fever were reported in Minhang District from 2004 to 2014. The peak incidence was from April to June and from January to January each year, with an average annual incidence of 19.94 / 100 000. The incidence rate showed an upward trend year by year with statistical difference (P <0.01). The cases were distributed in 13 communities, the male-female ratio was 1.69:1, the average annual incidence rate of male was 12.53 / 100000, the average annual incidence rate of female was 7.41 / 100000, the difference was statistically significant Significance (P <0.01). The age of onset in 3 ~ <15 years old age group, the most 4 526, accounting for 97.35% of the total number of cases. Occurrence of occupational students to 2 254 most people, accounting for 48.48%; 2 103 children care child care, accounting for 45.24%; 263 scattered children, accounting for 5.66%, 29 other occupations, accounting for 0.62%. Conclusions Winter and spring are the season of high incidence of scarlet fever. Schools and nurseries are the high risk places of onset. Men are more prone to disease. The epidemic monitoring and health education should be strengthened in winter and spring schools and nurseries, so as to effectively control the epidemic of scarlet fever.