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经验论强调认识的受动性，夸大了必然，否认了自由；唯理论则夸大了理智的能动作用，并在不同程度上承认意志自由，也没能解决好必然与自由的关系。德国古典哲学视必然与自由为最高范畴，并揭示了必然与自由的辩证关系。但以黑格尔为代表的德国古典哲学家，站在思辨唯心主义立场上，也没能真正解决这个问题。费尔巴哈在唯物主义的立场上阐述了必然与自由范畴，但它既缺乏认识论的高度；更没有把广阔的历史领域放在视野之内，因而他只能达到旧唯物主义所能达到的高度。只有马克思主义哲学，才真正科学地阐明了必然与自由范畴。
Empiricism emphasizes the mobility of cognition, exaggerates inevitability and denies freedom, while rationalism exaggerates the active role of intellect and admits to a certain extent the freedom of will and fails to solve the relationship between necessity and freedom. German classical philosophy regards inevitability and freedom as the highest category and reveals the dialectical relationship between necessity and freedom. However, the German classical philosopher represented by Hegel did not really solve this issue on the stand of speculative idealism. Feuerbach elaborated the categories of necessity and freedom on the materialist point of view, but it lacks the height of epistemology. Nor does it place the vast field of history in sight so that he can only achieve what the old materialism can achieve height. Only Marxist philosophy really clarified the category of necessity and freedom.