一、前言 以往通常把硬度作为材料耐磨的唯一标志,因此热处理时片面追求高硬度,甚至不惜大幅度地牺牲塑性、韧性以求耐磨。根据磨损理论的发展及磨损实践来看,这显然是不合理的。人们已经注意到磨损是一个系统性质,和许多因素有关,例如另件的接触形式、应力大小、环境温度、环境性质、晶粒大小、显微组织、硬度、变形率、再结晶温度等等均影响到磨损。应充分注意显微组织的作用,在不同系统环境中材料所表现的各种各样的磨损行为,都最终地决定于微观的组织结构,而且从这种微观分析出发,才能 I. Foreword In the past, hardness was often the only sign of wear-resistant material, so one-sided pursuit of high hardness during heat treatment, even at the expense of substantial plasticity, toughness in order to wear. According to the development of wear theory and wear practice point of view, this is obviously unreasonable. It has been noticed that wear is a systematic property and depends on many factors such as the form of contact, the size of the stress, the ambient temperature, the nature of the environment, the grain size, the microstructure, the hardness, the deformation rate, the recrystallization temperature, etc. Affect the wear and tear. Due attention should be paid to the role of the microstructure. The various wear behaviors exhibited by the materials in different system environments are ultimately determined by the microscopic structure of the microstructure, and from this microscopic analysis,