Carbon dioxide(CO2)capture by gas-separation membranes has become increasingly attractive due to its high energy efficiency,relatively low cost,and environmental impact.Polyvinylamine(PVAm)-based facilitated transport(FT)membranes were developed in the last decade for CO2 capture.This work dis-cusses the challenges of applying PVAm-based FT membranes from materials to processes for post-combustion CO2 capture in power plants and cement factories.Experiences learned from a pilot demon-stration system can be used to guide the design of other membranes for CO2 capture.The importance of module and process design is emphasized in the achievement of a high-performance membrane system.Moreover,the results from process simulation and cost estimation indicate that a three-stage membrane system is feasible for achieving a high CO2 purity of 95 vol％.The specific CO2 capture cost was found to significantly depend on the required CO2 capture ratio,and a moderate CO2 capture ratio of 50％pre-sented a cost of 63.7 USD per tonne CO2 captured.Thus,FT membrane systems were found to be more competitive for partial CO2 capture.