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宝石晶体是一种红外材料,它有着十分优良的物理和化学性质,熔点可达2030℃,硬度仅次于金刚石,耐腐蚀、耐磨损,在600℃温度下其红外透射特性仍下降不大,因而它是制作红外窗口的理想材料。此类红外仪器在国防上已得到应用。我们加工的零件如图1所示。由于宝石晶体甚硬,而且在垂直和平行晶轴方向的热膨胀系数有着差异。分别为5.0×10~(-6)/℃和6.7×10~(-6)/℃,这样给加工带来了较多的困难,如切割、粗磨、抛光都不能象一般光学玻璃那样进行加工,现将我们加工时遇到的问题和解决的方法介绍如下:
Gemstone is an infrared material, it has very good physical and chemical properties, the melting point of up to 2030 ℃, hardness second only to diamond, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, its infrared transmission characteristics at 600 ℃ did not decline significantly , So it is ideal for making infrared windows. Such infrared instruments have been applied in defense. We process the parts shown in Figure 1. As the gemstone is very hard, and the coefficients of thermal expansion in the direction perpendicular and parallel to the crystal axis are different. Respectively 5.0 × 10 -6 / ℃ and 6.7 × 10 -6 / ℃, which brings more difficulties for the processing, such as cutting, rough grinding, polishing can not be carried out as the general optical glass Processing, now we are processing the problems encountered and solutions are described below: