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近年来,特别是2008年汶川地震以来,地下结构抗震越来越被人们重视。本文通过搜集大量的国内外隧道地震灾害实例来研究地震对隧道的影响,并根据这些震害实例概括得出地震对隧道及地下工程的破坏主要形式包括:①衬砌的剪切移位,②边坡破坏造成隧道结构破坏,③衬砌及围岩坍塌,④边墙破坏,⑤隧道洞口塌方等;归纳了地震对隧道的破坏机理主要由地震引起的破坏和由断层活动引起的破坏;总结了地震对隧道及地下工程的影响因素包括:①地震震级及地震烈度,②覆盖层厚度,③地震波入射方向,④地质条件,⑤地应力。本文将对隧道的设计、建造和加固提供很好的参考,并对隧道的抗震有所帮助。
In recent years, especially the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, more and more attention has been paid to the seismic response of underground structures. In this paper, a large number of domestic and international tunneling seismic disaster examples are collected to study the impact of the earthquake on the tunnel. According to these earthquake damage examples, the main forms of the damage to the tunnel and underground engineering are summarized as follows: ① shear displacement of lining, ② edge The failure of the tunnel caused by the slope failure, the collapse of the lining and surrounding rock, the failure of the side wall, the collapse of the tunnel entrance, and so on. The failure mechanism caused by the earthquake to the tunnel is mainly caused by the earthquake and the damage caused by the fault activity. Factors affecting the tunnel and underground engineering include: ① earthquake magnitude and seismic intensity; ② thickness of overburden; ③ seismic wave incident direction; ④ geological conditions; and ⑤ earth stress. This article will provide a good reference for the design, construction and reinforcement of the tunnel and will be helpful for the seismic protection of the tunnel.