亨利·大卫·梭罗是美国19世纪著名的超验主义哲学家、自然主义文学家。在其代表作《瓦尔登湖》中,梭罗描写了他两年多独自一人在瓦尔登湖的生活经历,以及对自然和人生的体验和思考。他批判现代工业文明,批判低俗的物质主义,倡导崇尚简朴、回归自然的简单生活理念和生活方式以追寻人类精神家园的思想,对当今物欲膨胀的社会有着重要启示意义。 Henry David Thoreau is a well-known transcendental philosopher and naturalistic writer in the 19th century. In his masterpiece “Walden,” Thoreau depicts his two years of living experience alone in Walden and experiences and reflections on nature and life. He criticizes the modern industrial civilization, criticizes vulgar materialism, advocates simple life philosophy advocating simplicity and returning to nature, and pursuits the spiritual homeland, which is of great significance to the society in which materialism is expanding nowadays.