多发性硬化症为神经系统脱髓鞘疾病,在欧美比较多见,过去认为我国比较少见。近年来国内不断有此病报道,但临床上在早期甚至于比较典型时亦被误诊。本文报道一例曾多次就医于较大型医院的内科、神经科,但均未明确诊断。报告本例的目的在于临床提高对本病的认识,提高诊断率,避免误诊。女,24岁,未婚,于1981年11月5日因精神激动后出现双上肢为主的抽搐,并有恶心动作,张口呼吸,角弓反张,喊叫;抽搐停止后仍有伸肌紧张,张口呼吸。遂送某医院急诊。当时检查有双眼向右侧视,四肢腱反射亢进,颈强(土),双眼底正常。腰穿卧位压力为130mmH_2O,蛋白46mg％、氯化物759mg％、糖70mg％、细胞数13。诊断散发性脑炎、癔病,住入某医院。住院期间有尿潴留,计算力、定向力障碍,双上肢肌力Ⅱ级,双下肢肌力弱,三天后计算力有进步,右上、下肢肌力又变 Multiple sclerosis is a demyelinating disease of the nervous system, more common in Europe and the United States, in the past that our country is relatively rare. In recent years, there have been reports of this disease in China, but it is also misdiagnosed in the early stage even in the more typical cases. This article reports a case of internal medicine, neurology, which has been hospitalized for many times in larger hospitals, but none of them have a definitive diagnosis. The purpose of this case report is to clinically raise awareness of the disease, increase the rate of diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis. Female, 24 years old, unmarried, on November 5, 1981 due to agitation after the emergence of upper extremity-based convulsions and nausea action, mouth breathing, cornering bow anti-Zhang, shouting; twitch stop still extensor nervous, Open mouth breathing. Then send a hospital emergency. At that time, check the eyes to the right side of the eyes, limb tendon hyperreflexia, neck strong (soil), both eyes normal. Lumbar pressure lying in the recumbent position 130mmH2O, protein 46mg%, chloride 759mg%, sugar 70mg%, the number of cells 13. Diagnosis of encephalitis, hysteria, admitted to a hospital. Urine retention during hospitalization, calculation of force, disorientation, upper extremity muscle strength Ⅱ, weak muscle strength of both lower extremities, three days after the calculation of power to improve the right upper and lower limb muscle strength and change