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本文介绍隐喻理解加工过程中概念构建的词汇语用过程,着重阐述3大研究范式对此的解释,即范畴涵括模型、词汇语用学解释以及Recanati的词汇阐释模型。隐喻理解加工既要应用已习得概念,又涉及新概念的构建,即临场概念,这是一个经词汇编码概念的“窄化”与“宽化”的语用调整结果。“宽化”使得词汇编码概念的一个或者更多的逻辑或者定义属性被“摒弃”;“窄化”则相反,词汇编码概念的一些百科属性被“提升”为概念的逻辑或者内容组成成分。本文指出,“提升”与“摒弃”本质上是词汇焦点属性的激活问题,是认知机制即强化与抑制机制作用的结果。概念构建的3大研究范式对隐喻理解加工的洞察具有开创性。从概念构建入手研究隐喻的理解加工将打破自亚里士多德以来视隐喻为隐含比较的学术传统,学术动向值得关注。
This paper introduces the lexical and pragmatic process of conceptual construction in metaphor comprehension and emphasizes the explanations of three major research paradigms, namely, category inclusion model, lexical pragmatic explanation and Recanati’s lexical explanation model. Metaphor understanding process should not only apply the acquired concepts but also involve the construction of new concepts, that is, the concept of presence, which is a pragmatic adjustment of “Narrowing ” and “Widening ” of the concept of lexical coding. “Widening ” makes one or more of the logical or defining attributes of the lexical coding concept “rejected”; “narrowing” instead. Some encyclopedias of the vocabulary coding concept are “promoted” to The logic or content of the concept. This paper points out that “promotion ” and “abandonment ” are essentially the activation of the lexical focus attribute, which is the result of the cognitive mechanism that is the strengthening and suppression mechanism. The three research paradigms of concept construction have a groundbreaking insight into metaphor understanding and processing. Starting from the conceptual construction to study metaphor understanding and processing will break the metaphor of metaphor since Aristotle as an implicit comparison of academic tradition, academic trends deserve attention.