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摘要 [目的]探讨修剪对果园树体光照变化和果实品质的影响,旨在为泰沂产区苹果栽培提供科学依据。[方法]以23年生红富士/平邑甜茶为试材,于2011、2012年的8月25日、9月10日和9月25日在新泰龙廷镇土门村果园连续两年进行了秋季剪,修剪量控制在长枝和营养枝的25%~30%,以不进行秋剪的果树为对照,其他管理一致。[结果]经过两年的连续秋剪,8月25日修剪的果树,与CK相比单果重降低10%左右,果实着色指数提高了15%左右;9月10日进行修剪的果树,果实着色指数提高了15%左右,单果重、果形指数、硬度和可溶性固形物含量没有太大的变化;9月25日修剪的果树,在2012年单果重降低了10%左右。[结论]泰安新泰地区红富士进行秋剪的最佳时间是9月10日前后。
关键词 苹果;秋剪;果实品质
中图分类号 S661.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)25-08536-02
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of pruning on orchard plant light and fruit quality, and provide a scientific basis for apple cultivation of Taiyi Apple Production Area. [Method] Twenty threeyearold Red Fuji apple Trees were used to study the effects of fallpruning in orchards, which located Tumen Village Xintai Town Taian City Shandong Province. Fallpruning was separately performed on August 25, September 10 and September 25 of 2011 and 2012, and 25%-30% of vegetative branches were pruned, while notrimed plants were taken as the control, the other managements were consistent. [Result] The single fruit weight of Red Fuji apple trees pruned on August 25 reduced about 10%, while coloring index improved about 15% than that of the control; There were no significant difference in single fruit weight, fruitship index, firmness of flesh on September 10, while coloring index improved about 15% than that of the control; There were no significant difference in fruitship index, firmness of flesh, coloring index on September 25, while the single fruit weight reduced 10% than that of the control. [Conclusion] The optimum fallpruning time of Red Fuji apple tree was about September 10 in Xintai Area of Taian.
Key words Apple; Fall pruning; Fruit Quality
随着苹果栽培的发展,夏、秋季节进行修剪技术的应用日益受到人们的重视,有关苹果夏剪国内外已有过较为详细的论述[1-3]。夏、秋季节进行修剪的目的主要是改善光照、增加着色、控制树势、增加花芽的形成和提高果实品质等[3-4]。为此,笔者在2011年研究的基础上[5],于2012年继续分3个时间段对新泰果园进行修剪,探讨修剪给树体带来的光照变化和对果实品质的影响,旨在为泰沂产区苹果栽培提供科学依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地情况
试验地位于泰安市新泰龙廷镇土门村,果园面积1.2 hm2,主栽品种为红富士,砧木为平邑甜茶,授粉品种为红星,山地果园,土壤为砂壤土,pH 5.4,有机质含量8 g/kg。
1.2 试验材料
供试苹果品种为23年生红富士,株行距3 m×4 m,树型、树冠大小基本一致,树体生长发育正常,管理水平中等。分别于2011和2012年的8月25日、9月10日和9月25日进行秋剪,修剪量控制在营养枝和长枝的25%~30%,每个处理选择生长一致的树3株,单株小区,3次重复,以不进行秋剪的树体为对照。其余管理措施一致。
1.3 试验方法
在树冠80和150 cm高度处,按东西南北4个方向分别在距离树干0、1、2、3 m处作为测量基点,进行区位划分。每区位按东、南、西、北4个方位测量光照强度(采用TES-1330A型照度计),其平均值为该区位光照强度。
果实成熟后,每个处理随机取30个果实,测定各项指标。其中,单果重用0.1 g的天平测量;果实纵横径用数字显示游标卡尺测量,计算果形指数;可溶性固形物含量用TD-45型数字折光仪测定;果实去皮硬度用GY-1型果实硬度计测定;另测定着色指数和光洁指数。用布格法在摘果袋后测定树冠透光率,采果后测定枝类组成。
2 结果与分析
2.1 秋剪前后对树冠不同区位光照的影响
参考文献
[1] MARINI R P,BARDEN J A.Summer pruning of apple and peach trees[J].Horticultural Review,1987,9:351-375.
[2] SAURE M C.Summer pruning in applea review[J].Scientia Horticulturae,1987,30:253-282.
[3] 常有宏,蔺经,刘广勤,等.夏剪对红富士苹果大小、产量及品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,1998,14(4):232-234.
[4] 王金政,杨建明,隋从义.秋剪提高秀水苹果果实着色和品质实验[J].落叶果树,1989(3):29-31.
[5] 聂佩显,路超,薛晓敏,等.成龄果园秋剪对提高果实品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(7):34-36.
[6] 汪景彦.红富士苹果高产栽培[M].北京:金盾出版社,1993:217.
关键词 苹果;秋剪;果实品质
中图分类号 S661.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2014)25-08536-02
Abstract [Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of pruning on orchard plant light and fruit quality, and provide a scientific basis for apple cultivation of Taiyi Apple Production Area. [Method] Twenty threeyearold Red Fuji apple Trees were used to study the effects of fallpruning in orchards, which located Tumen Village Xintai Town Taian City Shandong Province. Fallpruning was separately performed on August 25, September 10 and September 25 of 2011 and 2012, and 25%-30% of vegetative branches were pruned, while notrimed plants were taken as the control, the other managements were consistent. [Result] The single fruit weight of Red Fuji apple trees pruned on August 25 reduced about 10%, while coloring index improved about 15% than that of the control; There were no significant difference in single fruit weight, fruitship index, firmness of flesh on September 10, while coloring index improved about 15% than that of the control; There were no significant difference in fruitship index, firmness of flesh, coloring index on September 25, while the single fruit weight reduced 10% than that of the control. [Conclusion] The optimum fallpruning time of Red Fuji apple tree was about September 10 in Xintai Area of Taian.
Key words Apple; Fall pruning; Fruit Quality
随着苹果栽培的发展,夏、秋季节进行修剪技术的应用日益受到人们的重视,有关苹果夏剪国内外已有过较为详细的论述[1-3]。夏、秋季节进行修剪的目的主要是改善光照、增加着色、控制树势、增加花芽的形成和提高果实品质等[3-4]。为此,笔者在2011年研究的基础上[5],于2012年继续分3个时间段对新泰果园进行修剪,探讨修剪给树体带来的光照变化和对果实品质的影响,旨在为泰沂产区苹果栽培提供科学依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地情况
试验地位于泰安市新泰龙廷镇土门村,果园面积1.2 hm2,主栽品种为红富士,砧木为平邑甜茶,授粉品种为红星,山地果园,土壤为砂壤土,pH 5.4,有机质含量8 g/kg。
1.2 试验材料
供试苹果品种为23年生红富士,株行距3 m×4 m,树型、树冠大小基本一致,树体生长发育正常,管理水平中等。分别于2011和2012年的8月25日、9月10日和9月25日进行秋剪,修剪量控制在营养枝和长枝的25%~30%,每个处理选择生长一致的树3株,单株小区,3次重复,以不进行秋剪的树体为对照。其余管理措施一致。
1.3 试验方法
在树冠80和150 cm高度处,按东西南北4个方向分别在距离树干0、1、2、3 m处作为测量基点,进行区位划分。每区位按东、南、西、北4个方位测量光照强度(采用TES-1330A型照度计),其平均值为该区位光照强度。
果实成熟后,每个处理随机取30个果实,测定各项指标。其中,单果重用0.1 g的天平测量;果实纵横径用数字显示游标卡尺测量,计算果形指数;可溶性固形物含量用TD-45型数字折光仪测定;果实去皮硬度用GY-1型果实硬度计测定;另测定着色指数和光洁指数。用布格法在摘果袋后测定树冠透光率,采果后测定枝类组成。
2 结果与分析
2.1 秋剪前后对树冠不同区位光照的影响
参考文献
[1] MARINI R P,BARDEN J A.Summer pruning of apple and peach trees[J].Horticultural Review,1987,9:351-375.
[2] SAURE M C.Summer pruning in applea review[J].Scientia Horticulturae,1987,30:253-282.
[3] 常有宏,蔺经,刘广勤,等.夏剪对红富士苹果大小、产量及品质的影响[J].江苏农业学报,1998,14(4):232-234.
[4] 王金政,杨建明,隋从义.秋剪提高秀水苹果果实着色和品质实验[J].落叶果树,1989(3):29-31.
[5] 聂佩显,路超,薛晓敏,等.成龄果园秋剪对提高果实品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(7):34-36.
[6] 汪景彦.红富士苹果高产栽培[M].北京:金盾出版社,1993:217.