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随着气象和天气卫星的发射和运转,民用卫星对地球的遥感技术研究和应用在六十年代初就开始了。在很多已送入空间的实验和工作的敏感系统中,陆地卫星系列中的四颗卫星,在建立遥感作为现今技术社会中完整的自然资源管理手段方面起了主导作用。陆地卫星系统(其中三颗卫星在七十年代送入轨道,一颗是在1982年入轨的)配备有多光谱扫描装置,主要是为陆地应用而设计的。尽管光谱扫描装置在很多地质科学应用中是很有价值的,然而它们的确也存在一些局限性;其中最明显的缺点是当云层覆盖而使能见度变坏时,不能提供地球表面的信息。
With the launch and operation of meteorological and weather satellites, the research and application of civilian satellites to the Earth’s remote sensing technology began in the early 1960s. In many sensitive systems in which space experiments and work have been conducted, the four satellites in the Landsat series have played a leading role in establishing remote sensing as a complete means of natural resource management in the technological community of our time. Terrestrial satellite systems, three of which were orbital in the 1970s and one that were introduced in 1982, are equipped with multispectral scanning equipment and are designed primarily for terrestrial applications. Although spectral scanning devices are valuable in many geoscience applications, they do have some limitations; the most obvious of these are the inability to provide information on the Earth’s surface when the visibility of the cloud is degraded.